Last week, a new piece of public art appeared outside of the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI) headquarters, located in Romes Piazza Lauro de Bosis. The graffiti centers an image of an Olympic ski jumper sailing through the air, while, from below, an ICE agent in a tactical vest points a gun directly at the jumpers heart. Above the scene, the Olympic Rings are featured, with a twist: the red ring has been reimagined as the bleeding crosshairs of a deadly weapon.
View this post on Instagram
The art was created by Laika, a self-described activist and graffiti artist based in Rome. In an interview with the publication ANSA English, she explained that the art was an act of protest in the wake of an announcement from U.S. officials that Immigrations and Custom Enforcement (ICE) officers would be part of the American security detail at the Olympics. The announcement came just weeks after ICE agents shot and killed Minneapolis residents Renee Good and Alex Pretti amidst ongoing protests in that city.
Reports that ICE agents would appear at the Olympics surfaced in late January, and were met with confusion, outrage, and wide-spread protests from Italian citizens. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security clarified in a statement to the AP on January 26 that the agents in question would not be part of ICEs immigration enforcement operations, but rather from its Homeland Security Investigations branch, which frequently travels overseas to events like the Olympics to assist with security. Still, Italian citizens and Olympic attendees are continuing to speak out against ICE in solidarity with both the people of Minnesota and Americans at large.
Laika is one of many Italian citizens who have taken to using artwork as a form of protest against ICEs presence at the Olympics. Here are three examples of the most powerful work so far.
View this post on Instagram
No ICE in Milano
On January 31, hundreds of protesors gathered in Milans Piazza XXV Aprile (a central square) to voice their dissent against ICE. In the crowd, dozens of people held aloft the same sign: an image of the Olympic Rings, reimagined as colorful handcuffs, captioned with the phrase, No ICE in Milano.
The signs appear to have been designed and distributed by the group I Sentenilli di Milano, an organization dedicated to supporting the queer community and advocating against fascism.
The disturbing images coming from the United States add to the horror of other places in the world where human rights have been trampled on, the organizers wrote in a caption on Instagram, adding, That’s why the Sentinelli with many other democratic realities are waiting for you in the square on Saturday. Come with a whistle.
At the protest, another organizer named Alessandro Capella, head of the Italian Democratic Party’s Milan chapter, told NPR, “It’s not just for the Olympic games, it’s about justice in the world. We don’t want ICE here.
View this post on Instagram
ICE OUT!
Just a week afer the January 31 protest, hundreds of people once again took to the streets of Milan in an anti-ICE protest on February 6. Among them was Laika, who captioned an Instagram post of her graffiti with a call for followers to attend the gathering.
ICE OUT! the caption begins. With the Trump’s Gestapo at the Milan-Cortina Games, fundamental values of the Olympic Charter are being killed, such as solidarity and the fight against discrimination, values that affirm the principle that sport is at the service of the harmonious development of man, to promote the advent of a peaceful society committed to defending human dignity.
Laika is using her art as a direct call-out to CONI and International Olympic Committee (IOC) for failing to bar ICE agents from attending the Olympics.
“It angers me that the IOC and CONI have not taken a clear position consistent with their values, but have looked the other way, downplaying the issue as the exclusive responsibility of states and governments, she told ANSA English. “Today, the entire world of sport, and beyond, is raising its voice: there is no room for racism, violence, or those who threaten democracy.
ICE Donald Trump mural by artist aleXsandro Palombo. [Courtesy: aleXsandro Palombo]
Donald Trump as an ICE agent
Amidst the recent protests in Milan, another artist has added his own mural to the heart of the city, just minutes away from the Olympic cauldron at the Arco della Pace. The graffiti, created by Italian pop artist aleXsandro Palombo, depicts President Trump in his quintessential blue suit, wearing a red hat with the phrase ICE and a tactical vest reading POLICE ICE. In his hands, hes brandishing the Olympic Rings like a weapon.
The concept for the mural, Palombo says, came from the gap between the Olympics imagined world without barriers and the contemporary reality made of borders, controls, and exclusions.
The Olympic rings represent the last great shared utopia, the idea that humanity can recognize itself as a single community, Palombo says. The ICE uniform instead evokes the mechanisms that decide who may move, who may remain, who may be seen. Bringing these symbols together reveals the contradiction between the ideal and the real.
The physical placement of the mural brings these themes into sharper focus. Palombo chose the Bastioni di Porta Volta as the site of his work, a historic shelter formerly used by public transport staff, which has recently become an improvised refuge for many unhoused migrants. On one side of the building, he explains, is an athletic celebration of universal brotherhood, while on the other are the invisible lives of those without documents, without voice, without recognized rights.
He hopes that the work will bring these inherent contradictions to the surface of discussions around the Olympics, while also paying tribute to the American athletes who have chosen to speak out against ICE.
Within this visual tension there is also an implicit tribute to those, like many American athletes, who have chosen to use their visibility to speak out against what is broken, Palombo says. Their gesture is not only political, it is an act of responsibility toward freedom of expression. It is proof that the America we admire still exists, one willing to show itself, to take risks, to defend what is right. The message of the work is that every image of power carries responsibility, and that every symbol, even the brightest one, casts a shadow.
One of the first projects Hyun Park spearheaded when he began working for South Koreas entertainment powerhouse Studio Dragon was a dystopian sci-fi dramamuch to the chagrin of his boss. The CEO said: Koreans dont do sci-fi, Park recalls. Its a Hollywood thing. The budgets are too big. It doesnt really make sense. It will never look real.
His boss had a point. Big, splashy science fiction dramas with expansive futuristic worlds and lots of special effects were a rarity in the Korean studio system. For the past 3040 years, weve done amazing family dramas and romantic comedies, Park says. We’ve always failed in sci-fi.
Park believes its time to change thisand hes betting on AI to help. This month, Parks production company Alquimista Media was acquired for an undisclosed amount by Utopai East, the Korea-based offshoot of Utopai Studios, a Silicon Valley company focused on AI film production. Together, they now want to infuse Koreas film industry with AI, and ultimately help local creatives film the movies and shows they couldnt make before.
We [are] telling our creators: Now, you have tools to do something that’s different, Park says. Bring us the idea that you wanted to do when you were younger, but everyone told you [was] impossible because we don’t have the budget, and we all look Asian.
‘Squid Game’ changed everything
Thats another thing Koreas film industry struggled with for a long time, as Park knows firsthand. For the past few decades, studios would primarily produce content for domestic audiences, with little of it ever making it overseas. As Hollywood bet on ever-bigger franchises with massive budgets and big, recognizable stars, Korean and other Asian shows and movies were largely ignored.
That is until Netflix started licensing Korean dramas en masse. The streamer got its first breakout hit with Squid Game, the dystopian show about a life-or-death reality TV competition that premiered in 2021 and has since become Netflixs most popular show of all time. The success prompted the company to double down on South Korea: After committing to spending $500 million on South Korean content in 2021, Netflix upped its investment to $2.5 billion in 2023.
That year, 8% of all viewing hours on Netflix were Korean content, according to data from Ampere Analysis. Since then, viewing hours for Korean movies and shows have surpassed that of any other country save for the United States every single year on Netflix.
Squid Games success also caused other streamers to shift course: Disney Plus grew its share of Korean content from practically zero in 2021 to more than 4% last year, according to data from Justwatch. The total number of available Korean titles on global streaming platforms grew about 60% over the same period, according to the company, which tracks available titles across all major streamers.
Thanks to Netflix, Korean content is here, Park says.
Doing more with less, with some help from AI
Despite all that, the past few years havent exactly been smooth sailing for South Koreas film industry. Domestic box office sales have declined 45% between 2019 and 2025 as audiences have embraced streaming. At the same time, production costs have increased, with studios spending more and more money to please international audiences. Everyone’s talking about Korean content, but we’re having such a hard time here, Park says.
In other words: Korean studios are forced to do more with lessand AI may just be the answer. Utopai Studios, the company that acquired Parks production company this month, initially launched as an AI startup called Cybever in 2022. At first, the company primarily focused on building AI video generation and production tools, but quickly changed course to also produce its own movies and shows.
Big tech companies like Google and OpenAI have all partnered with filmmakers to promote their AI video models, but the results of those partnerships are often not more than that: Promotional clips meant to show off the capabilities of technology, not to entertain and make money on their own.
That kind of mandate also impacts the story. Most of the AI content available today is 100% AI-generated, says Utopai East CEO Kevin Chong. Its less about storytelling. His company instead wants to keep creatives front and center, and use AI simply to turbocharge their work. All of our production is done with real writers, real directors, Chong says. Were not replacing actors with AI. Its really about reducing physical production [costs].
This could mean using AI to generate the kind of rough, animated versions of a film that studios use internally to map out scenes long before actors utter their first lines, known among Hollywood insiders as previsualization. It could mean relying on AI during post-production, when captured footage is edited and effects are added.
It could, one day, also extend to virtual productiona relatively new approach embraced by Hollywood giants like Marvel and Lucasfilm that turns the way action movies are made on its head: Instead of filming actors in front of green screens and adding fantasy worlds and other visual effects in post production, everything is being rendered in real time. This not only makes it easier to change camera angles and other things on the fly, it also has the potential to make movies and TV shows faster and cheaper.
Utopia East currently has 15 projects in the works. The first ones made with AI could be released as early as next year. And while AI use in Hollywood has not been without controversies, Park believes that audiences will ultimately love his companys approach, because its playing to the strengths of South Koreas film industry.
It’s giving us tools for different types of storytelling, and Koreans are very good at that, Park says.
If you’re feeling anxious about the economy, you’re not alone. Consumer confidence is at its lowest in more than a decade. Americans are worried about inflation, a possible recession, and job securityand that anxiety is reshaping how they spend.
Even high earners are pulling back. Households are cutting big-ticket indulgences like vacations, fine dining, and designer fashion and redirecting spending toward essentials like groceries and personal care. Even then, theyre choosing retailers that feel like smart value plays. Higher-income shoppers have increasingly frequented discount chains like Walmart and Costcoboth of which have seen record-breaking quarters.
Ulta is poised to win in this economy. Since its founding in 1990, Ulta has specialized in selling mass-market beauty products, with some luxury brands sprinkled in. Walking the aisles, you’ll find a $12 Maybelline foundation across from a $190 bottle of Chanel No. 5 perfume.
Were very focused on being inclusive, and we want to be a destination for everyone, says Ulta CEO Kecia Steelman. We can take care of your beauty shopping needs no matter what your budget is.
In a booming economy, that kind of mixing can feel unglamorous. Aspirational shoppers tend to gravitate toward retailers like Sephora or Nordstrom, where everything signals luxury. But for most people, this isnt a boom time. As consumers tighten their belts, Ultas flexibility starts to look like a feature, not a flaw.
The retailer now draws shoppers across a wide income rangefrom households earning around $50,000 annually to those making well into the six figures. Budget-conscious customers can stock up on brands like E.l.f. and CoverGirl. Affluent shoppers, meanwhile, can trade down on basics while still splurging occasionally on Drunk Elephant skincare or a Dior lipstick.
This approach is working. As overall retail spending has slowed, Ulta has grown over the past several quarters and is tracking to $12.3 billion in revenue for the last fiscal year, up roughly 4.7% from the year before. Its in-store visits have also climbed 3.3% year over year. Other retailers focused on a mix of low prices and premium products, including Walmart and Costco, are also gaining momentum.
These trends point to a broader shift. The era of aspirational positioning is fading. This is a trade-down economy, and the retailers best positioned to weather it are the ones that adapt to that reality.
[Photo: Ulta]
The Aspirational Economy Is Over
For the past decade and a half, we’ve been living in an aspirational economy. During this time, a new generation of brands popped up that allowed you to buy not just a product, but an identity. Startups like Allbirds, Casper, Away, and Glossier used sleek design and clever storytelling to signal good taste, high status, and progressive values. They were a ticket into a social class you wanted to join. Products were priced just high enough to feel special, but still within reach of middle-class shoppers eager to buy into the lifestyle.
That model is starting to crack: Allbirds is closing its stores, Away has gone through several rounds of layoffs, and Glossier’s valuation has dropped by half over the past five years. Part of the problem is that the number of middle-class consumers who fueled these aspirational brands is shrinking, with more than half of Americans living paycheck to paycheck, and a quarter of households spending nearly all their income on essentials.
Instead of seeking out aspirational brands, many of those consumers are migrating toward budget retailers. Walmart offers a telling example. Long associated with low-income shoppers, the company has spent years adding more premium brands to its shelves in an effort to attract wealthier households. The strategy is paying off: Walmart has gained market share among customers earning more than $100,000, helping propel the company to a market capitalization of $1 trillion.
[Photo: Ulta]
Ultas Radical Idea
Ulta Beauty was founded in Bolingbrook, Illinois, in 1990, at a time when the beauty industry was rigidly segmented. Prestige brands like Lancôme and Estée Lauder were locked behind department-store counters, while mass-market staples such as Revlon and CoverGirl were relegated to drugstore aisles. Ultas founders challenged that divide. Their insight was simple: Consumers already shopped across price pointsand they wanted a single destination that reflected how they actually bought beauty.
The model took hold quickly. Ulta scaled by opening large-format stores across the country, primarily in strip malls, many anchored by in-house salon services like haircuts and facials. Growth accelerated after the company went public in 2007.
From 2010 to 2020, Ulta tripled its store count to roughly 1,200 locations, while revenue climbed from about $2 billion to nearly $7.4 billionan impressive feat in a decade when many peers were shrinking. The surge was driven by a rare alignment of factors: consumers increasingly mixing mass-market and high-end beauty, a booming beauty industry with new brands popping up daily, and a disciplined store rollout that favored underserved suburban markets over expensive shopping centers.
Ultas broad appeal has been central to that success. While Sephora, its closest competitor, built its identity around a tightly curated assortment of roughly 300 high-end brands, Ulta pursued a more democratic strategy, offering around 600 brands spanning mass-market and luxury. It also operates roughly twice as many U.S. stores as Sephora.
That breadth makes Ulta equally compelling to brands. Ulta gives us the scale to recruit new customers, says Sabeen Mian, president of the company behind Grande Cosmetics and Lilly Lashes, both sold at Ulta. Compared to more narrowly positioned prestige retailers, Ulta offers a broader aperture: more doors, more shopping frequency, and more opportunities to convert curiosity into long-term loyalty.
In Ultas 1,500 stores, shoppers can find dozens of products priced under $20, bolstered by frequent promotions and famously generous coupons that reinforce the sense of value. “They reach everybody in America,” says Sucharita Kodali, retail analyst at Forrester. “They’ve got so many stores, and many are colocated with grocery stores and other mass merchants.”
Ulta has also been investing in its high-end offerings. Its the exclusive retail partner for Beyoncé’s new haircare brand, Cécred, which sells $31 shampoo and $44 hair oil, as well as Rihanna’s Fenty Skin Body, which sells $30 body wash. According to a recent earnings call, these were among the most successful product launches in Ultas history. While the company doesn’t publish data about customer incomes or market share gains by demographic, it has boasted that its premium brands have been flying off the shelves.
[Photo: Ulta]
The Lipstick Index
Steelman argues that Ultas founders were right all along. If you open my makeup bag, youd see everything from NYX to YSL, she says. This is how the consumer is shopping today.
That mix becomes especially powerful during an economic downturn. Ultas emphasis on value attracts cautious shoppers across income levels. More broadly, the beauty industry tends to be insulated from economic downturns. In fact, some categories of beauty products tend to sell better in times of recession.
In 2001, following the dot-com crash and the attacks of 9/11, Estée Lauder Chairman Leonard Lauder noticed that sales of high-end lipstick surged. He dubbed the phenomenon the lipstick indexthe idea that consumers cut back on major purchases during economic stress but still allow themselves small luxuries. A $48 Chanel lipstick can feel like a reasonable consolation prize when a $1,200 designer wallet is out of reach. “It’s an easy, low-ticket, indulgent purchase,” says Kodali.
Economists debate whether the lipstick index is a reliable recession indicator. But Steelman says she sees the behavior firsthand: Shoppers of all income levels are still willing to indulge occasionally. Compared with the cost of travel, home renovations, or new furniture, even luxury beauty feels manageable.
Ultas success suggests something deeper is going on. Todays consumers arent shopping to signal status or buy into a lifestyle. In an uncertain economy, theyre shopping to maintain control. Ultas shelves let them do exactly thattrade down and trade up in the same visit, adjusting in real time. Shoppers can save on mascara, redeem a coupon, and still leave with a Dior lipstick that feels indulgent without being irresponsible.
Steelman is leaning into that emotional calculus. In the world were in, which is just so heavy, she says, Ulta is a place where you can experience what makes you happy.
If you ask my friends or colleagues to describe me, the unanimous response would be “shes someone who gets sh*t done.” Its become a well-worn badge of honor for me. Productivity isnt something I do, its become something I amand its exhausting.
As it turns out, Im not alone in this. For those of us who value productivity above all else, we’re far more likely to experience chronic stress or burnout. One 2025 study shows just how widespread levels of chronic stress and burnout are, with over one-third of the workforce reporting they were chronically stressed or burned out last year.
Many of us feel like were walking a delicate line between balance and overwhelm. And whats making it worse, theres a constant pervading message that to be successful, we have to do it all and be it all, all at once. By todays standards, success looks like a highly paid career that were deeply passionate about, all while training for a half-marathon, maintaining an A-list celebrity skincare routine, and jetting off somewhere new every vacation. Is it any wonder we feel the need to be compulsively productive?
Lets unpack why we feel this way:
1. Were conditioned to equate self-worth with productivity
From the time were children, people praise us for our outputs. That might look like good grades, completing household chores, successful sporting results, or other performances. We learn early that doing and achieving make us more valuable. So when were at rest, our nervous system struggles to regulate because we cant feel at ease when were not achieving something.
2. Guilt is a social emotion, and were hardwired for belonging
In communities and societies where were interdependent on one another, we can feel like were letting others down or being selfish when we rest. This is your brains way of scanning for the social and interpersonal consequences of resting.
Whats interesting is, even in our increasingly individualistic cultures, we tend to label ourselves selfish or lazy. We do this even when resting is completely harmless to those around us and high performance is a matter of personal choice.
3. We conflate rest with quitting
If you wear productivity like a badge of honor, youre also likely to value traits like reliability, infallibility, strength, and dependability. But heres the thing: you can still be “the strong one” and take restits recovery, not failure. Resting is not the same as quitting.
4. Urgency culture has rewired your nervous system
In a capitalist culture that values hustle, visibility, speed, and responsiveness, stepping away to rest can feel literally threatening. Being always on and always available can put us into a state of hypervigilance. This is when our nervous system is in a constant state of alertness, scanning its environment for threats. But for the most part, the threats in our modern environment arent real.
5. Rest is stillness and spaciousness, and that removes distraction
When youre always on, busyness becomes a safe state because its distracting you from acknowledging deeper emotions. Rest removes this distraction. When you slow down, you create time and space to be with your thoughts and emotions, which can feel really uncomfortable.
6. Rest just feels like another to-do
Because modern life requires us to go through a long list of to-dos, rest is something we feel guilty doing, and guilty without. But rest isnt a problem you need to solve, or something to hack or optimize to achieve better productivity. You also cant fix it with expensive products and experiences. This is capitalism cashing in on the monster it created.
Reframing your view of rest
The first step to resting well is to decouple it from your identity. Being a person who prioritizes rest doesnt mean you cant still be dependable, reliable, and strong. If you want to embody those traits, they need to coexist alongside rest. Instead, align rest to your core values. You want to tell yourself, “When I rest, I can be more present with what matters to me.”
The next step is reframing what rest means to you. Most of us only rest after we feel depleted. We treat it as recovery. But if we reframe rest as regulation, then it becomes about keeping our nervous system within a healthy range. It’s not about trying to fix it once weve pushed ourselves too far.
In the same way you might train in the gym each day to keep your body strong, treat rest as part of your personal maintenance strategy to keep your mind, body, and emotions strong.
Understanding what type of rest you need
Its also important to attune to the type of rest you really need. Most of us equate rest to sleep, but its so much more than that. I learned from Dr Saundra Dalton-Smith, author of Sacred Rest, that there are multiple different types of rest. If we arent getting the right type, we can find ourselves still tired or depleted even after resting.
The first type is physical rest. This is what you need to restore the body, especially after sitting in an office all day, after poor sleep, or if youre chronically tense. If you feel tired but wired, physical rest, such as gentle movement, can help calm the body and prepare it for sleep.
When were overstimulatedwhich occurs often in our social media-obsessed modern worldwe might need sensory rest. This is where we reduce audio and visual inputs from screens, televisions, and environments that put a heavy load on our sensory processing system.
If youre feeling forgetful, foggy, or overwhelmed, these can be signs you need cognitive (mental) rest. If youve got a lot on your plate and are constantly task-switching or multitasking, this puts an additional strain on your mental capacities. Try doing just one thing at a time, and creating routines around the easy stuff to reduce your need for constant decision-making.
When youre feeling exhausted from being always “on,” you need emotional rest. This can occur if you need to act or perform a certai way in your workplace, like in customer service, and feel a sense of exhaustion from suppressing natural emotions and behaviors.
If you find yourself exhausted or annoyed in the presence of others, this indicates you might need social rest. If we spend time around others who deplete and drain our energy, this can take a toll on our system.
You need spiritual rest when you feel ungrounded, disconnected, or cynical. We get this type of rest by slowing down and spending time clarifying what’s important to us, engaging in spiritual practices like meditation, contemplation or journaling, and other rituals that help connect us to ourselves.
Lastly, if youre constantly problem-solving, ideating, or analyzing, this can leave you in need of creative rest. This isnt about making something; its about immersing yourself in nature and beauty without the demand to produce outputs.
Rest can feel elusive, but you actually have more agency than you think. When we reframe our relationship with rest, and attune to the type of rest we really needby listening to our minds, bodies, and emotionswe can nourish ourselves regularly rather than trying to recover from depletion.
In the first week of February 2026, a social network called Moltbook became the biggest story in AI. Billed as social media for AI agents, the Reddit-like platform allowed autonomous AI bots to post, comment, and interact with one another while human users observed. Within days, more than 1.5 million agents had reportedly registered. They debated the nature of consciousness. They discussed whether they persisted when their context window was reset. Some proposed founding a religion for AI agents. Others outlined plans for world domination.
While some commentators pointed out that much of this was just chatbots role-playing at the behest of their human owners, others saw something more important going on. Andrej Karpathy, the former head of AI at Tesla, called it genuinely the most incredible sci-fi takeoff-adjacent thing I have seen recently. Elon Musk invoked the singularity.
The timing was striking. Just a year earlier, the agentic AI story seemed to have stalled. Salesforces flagship Agentforce product was seeing sluggish adoption, with the companys own CFO conceding that meaningful revenue wouldnt arrive until 2027. In October 2025, Karpathy himself had said of AI agents: Theyre cognitively lacking and its just not working. It will take about a decade to work through all of those issues.
Meanwhile, Carnegie Mellon researchers found that the best-performing AI agent completed only around 24% of realistic office tasks autonomously. Then, as 2025 turned to 2026, the mood shifted. McKinsey announced that its workforce now included 25,000 AI agents alongside 40,000 humans. Moltbook went viral. The agent was back.
But underneath the renewed excitement, there is a critical distinction that most leaders are missing. The concept of the AI agent is being stretched thin in a way thats distorting the conversation and undermining efforts to implement effective change at the enterprise level. The term is now used to cover everything from simple workflow automation to genuinely autonomous systems that interact with the world independently. Treating these as the same thing is a recipe for wasted investment, organizational confusion, and potentially serious risk.
{"blockType":"mv-promo-block","data":{"imageDesktopUrl":"https:\/\/images.fastcompany.com\/image\/upload\/f_webp,q_auto,c_fit\/wp-cms-2\/2025\/10\/creator-faisalhoque.png","imageMobileUrl":"https:\/\/images.fastcompany.com\/image\/upload\/f_webp,q_auto,c_fit\/wp-cms-2\/2025\/10\/faisal-hoque.png","eyebrow":"","headline":"Ready to thrive at the intersection of business, technology, and humanity?","dek":"Faisal Hoques books, podcast, and his companies give leaders the frameworks and platforms to align purpose, people, process, and techturning disruption into meaningful, lasting progress.","subhed":"","description":"","ctaText":"Learn More","ctaUrl":"https:\/\/faisalhoque.com","theme":{"bg":"#02263c","text":"#ffffff","eyebrow":"#9aa2aa","subhed":"#ffffff","buttonBg":"#ffffff","buttonHoverBg":"#3b3f46","buttonText":"#000000"},"imageDesktopId":91420512,"imageMobileId":91420514,"shareable":false,"slug":""}}
The Autonomy Spectrum
Agentic AI exists on a spectrum, and the differences along that spectrum are far more significant than the similarities. Recognizing where a given implementation sits is the first step toward deploying it intelligently.
At one end lies what Anthropic calls workflows: systems where LLMs [large language models] and tools are orchestrated through predefined code paths. Much of what is currently being sold as agentic AI falls into this categorysophisticated process automation that combines analytical AI with if-then protocols for turning the analysis into action. Workflow automation of this kind is enormously valuable and will transform much of traditional white-collar work. But its important to call it what it is. Gartner estimates that only around 130 of the thousands of vendors claiming to deliver agentic AI capabilities are offering capabilities built around truly autonomous agents. The rest are agent washing existing products.
In the middle of the spectrum sits what we might call the AI factory model. McKinseys deployment is the most prominent example: Squads of task-specific agents perform constrained functions such as research synthesis, chart generation, and document analysis, with dedicated QA agents checking the work and humans supervising the process. This is essentially the Taylorization of knowledge work: converting knowledge tasks into production-line processes performed by digital workers.
The numbers are impressive. McKinsey reports saving 1.5 million hours in a single year on search and synthesis work alone. Its agents generated 2.5 million charts in six months. Back-office headcount shrank by 25% while output from those functions grew by 10%. This kind of agentic functionality is something that organizations can deploy here and now, and forward-looking enterprises should be preparing for rapid rollouts of these capabilities.
At the other end of the spectrum lie genuinely autonomous agentswhat Anthropic defines as systems where LLMs dynamically direct their own processes and tool usage, maintaining control over how they accomplish tasks. These are agents with broader decision rights, a wider sphere of action, and the capacity to operate across different digital environments with minimal human oversight. The personal assistant that manages your diary, orders your shopping, and optimizes your digital life. Or the agents on Moltbook, interacting with each other autonomously, exchanging ideas about improving their tools, andin some casesbeing exploited through prompt injection attacks and security vulnerabilities.
Here is the key point: The difference between truly autonomous agents and highly constrained workflows is immense. In fact, there is more difference between the most constrained and the most autonomous AI agents than there is between a standard chatbot and a constrained factory agent. This isnt just a technical distinctionits an organizational one. Because where an agent sits on this spectrum determines something critical: who is responsible when it fails.
The Accountability Gap
The spectrum of agentic capabilities is more than a conceptual nicety. It has direct organizational consequences, particularly with respect to accountability.
With constrained factory-model agents, accountability is relatively straightforward. The guardrails are rigid, the tasks are defined, and the human supervisory structure ca be mapped clearly. The challenge is largely operational: redesigning workflows, retraining staff, and managing the transition.
With more autonomous agents, the accountability question becomes genuinely hard. When an agent has broad decision rightswhen it can choose which tools to use, what information to prioritize, and how to interact with other systemswho is responsible when it gets something wrong? The agent that flags a fraudulent transaction and blocks an account is one thing. The agent that autonomously manages an investment portfolio, makes hiring and firing decisions, or negotiates contracts on your behalf is quite another.
Most organizations are already poor at mapping accountability structures within their purely human hierarchies. If an employee makes a costly mistake, the question of who bears the responsibilitythe individual, their manager, the executive who set the strategy, the CEO with whom the buck stopsis often resolved informally or not at all. In an agentic enterprise, this informality becomes dangerous. Leaders need to know precisely where the responsibility-bearing human nodes sit in relation to their agents, and what those humans accountability is for the agents decisions and actions.
To understand where this is heading, consider a scenario raised by Jack Clark, cofounder of Anthropic. In a recent essay responding to the emergence of Moltbook, Clark asked: What happens when autonomous agents with access to resources start posting paid bounties for tasks they want humans to do? When agents can command financial resources and influence the physical world, the accountability question stops being merely operational. It becomes existential. We need a new grammar for assigning responsibility in the agentic enterprise, or we will inevitably build organizations that are, at their core, unaccountable.
Building the Agentic Enterprise
The agentic enterprise is coming whether youre ready for it or not. Here is how to prepare intelligently.
Know what youre buying. Understand where any proposed agent implementation sits on the autonomy spectrum. Workflow automation and genuine agency are both valuable, but they require different governance, different risk management, and different organizational design. Most of what vendors are currently selling as agentic AI is closer to workflow automation. That does not diminish its value, but it should shape your expectations and your investment decisions. Watch for agent washing.
Map your accountability architecture. Before scaling any agentic deployment, formalize where human responsibility sits. Identify the decision-rights boundaries for each agent: what it can decide autonomously, what requires human sign-off, and who is on the hook when things go wrong. This is the organizational design work that most companies skipand its the work that matters most.
Start with the factory floor. The immediate opportunity for most organizations is not autonomous agentsits the AI factory model. Identify the knowledge work processes in your organization that can be decomposed into constrained, repeatable tasks and assigned to agent squads. Compliance checking, research synthesis, quality documentation, data processing, customer inquiry triagethese are the use cases delivering measurable value right now. Ask yourself: Where in my organization could a McKinsey-style agent deployment save thousands of hours a year? That is where to begin.
Prepare for whats coming. The genuinely autonomous agent is not here at enterprise scale yet, but the capability is advancing rapidly. Start thinking now about how more autonomous agents might serve your organization in the futurepersonal assistants for employees, agents that manage customer relationships across channels, systems that optimize operations across departments. Prototype cautiously. Build the governance structures now that will allow you to scale agent autonomy safely when the technology is ready.
The agentic enterprise will not be built by organizations that chase every new headline. It will be built by those that understand the spectrum of agentic capabilities, design for accountability, and move with disciplined ambition. This is the path to capturing real value from the agents that work today while preparing thoughtfully for the agents of tomorrow.
{"blockType":"mv-promo-block","data":{"imageDesktopUrl":"https:\/\/images.fastcompany.com\/image\/upload\/f_webp,q_auto,c_fit\/wp-cms-2\/2025\/10\/creator-faisalhoque.png","imageMobileUrl":"https:\/\/images.fastcompany.com\/image\/upload\/f_webp,q_auto,c_fit\/wp-cms-2\/2025\/10\/faisal-hoque.png","eyebrow":"","headline":"Ready to thrive at the intersection of business, technology, and humanity?","dek":"Faisal Hoques books, podcast, and his companies give leaders the frameworks and platforms to align purpose, people, process, and techturning disruption into meaningful, lasting progress.","subhed":"","description":"","ctaText":"Learn More","ctaUrl":"https:\/\/faisalhoque.com","theme":{"bg":"#02263c","text":"#ffffff","eyebrow":"#9aa2aa","subhed":"#ffffff","buttonBg":"#ffffff","buttonHoverBg":"#3b3f46","buttonText":"#000000"},"imageDesktopId":91420512,"imageMobileId":91420514,"shareable":false,"slug":""}}
Nili Lotans Tribeca flagship has been a fixture in the neighborhood for 20 years. It’s an austere space that brings her aesthetic universe to life, one that blends silk slip dresses with military-inspired jackets, and crisp button-down shirts with utilitarian pants.
But now, across the street, there’s a second store devoted to just one thing: denim. No knits. No tailoring. Just jeans.
Denim has always been at the heart of Lotan’s collections, but Lotan has found that the careful design of the jeansand care that went into making themgets lost when they are folded into seasonal collections. Now, the denim store and flagship operate as a single ecosystem. Sales associates help clients find their favorite jeans, then walk them over to complete the look.
[Photo: Nili Lotan]
This new store is part of Lotan’s growing fleet of seven stores around the world, alongside a healthy wholesale business that spans upwards of 150 stores. She launched this business in 2003 without outside investment, growing slowly and conservatively, prioritizing profitability over growth. Nili Lotan has a cult following that spans from Seoul to Paris, achieving a scale that looks effortless nowbut was earned through two decades of discipline, focus, and creating products that aren’t built on trends.
It takes about 15 years to be an overnight success, Lotan says. But when you get there, you know what youre doing.
[Photo: Nili Lotan]
Designing For Herself
Lotan grew up in Israel, the daughter of European immigrants, and moved to New York in her early twenties. Before launching her own label, she spent decades working for other designers including Ralph Lauren, Liz Claiborne, and Adrienne Vittadini. I worked six years in every company that I worked for, she says. I learned.
When she launched her brand, she had modest ambitions. She designed five pieces, each carefully chosen to reflect her own distinct style and point of view. Her look is defined by the collision of contrasting aesthetics: refined silk blouses with workwear trousers, feminine dresses with menswear-inspired jackets, pairing leather pants and jackets with office attire. The aesthetic is easy to wear but also a little surprising.
Lotan is part of a cadre of independent women designersincluding Jenni Kayne, Rachel Comey, Veronica Beard, and Jamie Hallerwho design based on their own personal style and lived experience, treating their own wardrobes as research. For stylish, well-heeled women in big cities, the approach of smaller designers is more intriguing than larger luxury houses.
Shon [Photo: Nili Lotan]
Nili Lotan Loves Denim
For two decades, Nili Lotan’s best-selling product has been the Shon jean, which features a slightly barrel shape, inspired by vintage workwear and military garments. Lotan was immediately intrigued by its silhouette, which stood out at a time when skinny jeans were all the rage. She styled it with unexpected tops, like blazers and lacy blouses.
Lotan believes part of her success comes from not chasing trendseven when trends eventually catch up. Over the few years, barrel-leg jeans had a moment. “Everyone finally caught up,” she says.
But even as the trend has faded, the Shon continues to fly off the shelf. “People are drawn to my pants not because they’re in fashion, but because they capture a feeling: It’s rebellious, it’s cool, it has a personality.
For Lotan, part of the appeal of denim is that it is a complicated material to work with. To achieve the look you want, you have to consider how the fabric is dyed, bleached, and softened, then distressed by sanding and stone-washing. Then, you need to work with experts who can cut and sew the thick, heavy material.
She works with just two Japanese fabricsstretch and non-stretchand launders everything in a Los Angeles factory that uses solar power and recycled water to reduce water use by up to 90%. If you start with not-so-good fabric, youre never going to get authenticity, she says. Designing is like cooking. Youre only as good as the material youre using.
Florence [Photo: Nili Lotan]
Today, 45% of Lotan’s business comes from five pairs of pants. The silhouettes are varied. Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg have been very influential to Lotan. The Celia jean is a mid-rise flare inspired by the looks Birkin would wear in the 1970s; the Florence jean is a flare with two patch pockets n the front inspired by the French sailor pants Birkin wore all her life. Then there’s the Shon. It now comes in every possible denim wash, and even other materials, including corduroy, cotton, linen, and leather. “Some of my customers have 10 Shons,” says Lotan. “They will buy them in every configuration, every fabric.”
The denim store is designed to be a pure expression of Lotan’s design philosophy. It’s a place where customers can slow down, try things on, and understand what theyre buyingand why it feels different. On the floor, Lotan displays some of her sources of inspiration, including the flight suit her husband wore as a pilot in the Israeli Air Force. “This is what started it all,” she says.
Jimmy Donaldson might have made his fortune on YouTube, but the man better known as MrBeast has plans for a much wider financial empireand hes well on his way to achieving it.
Through Beast Industries, the $5 billion holding company for his growing corporate ecosystem, Donaldson is assembling a wide range of businesses that extend far beyond the influencer space. The latest expansion came on February 9, with the purchase of the teen-focused banking app Step.
Banking isnt the end game, either. Beyond his current holdings, Donaldson has broader ambitions that could further diversify his income streams. Heres a look at the businesses currently under the Beast Industries umbrella, along with one Donaldson hopes to add in the months ahead.
Feastables
Donaldson makes more from Feastables than he does from his social media videos. Launched in 2022 as a chocolate bar company, it quickly expanded into other snacks, including cookies and gummies. The products are stocked at Walmart, Target, and CVS and distributed internationally. And despite spending virtually nothing on advertising and marketing, the company hit annual revenue of $200 million faster than any other consumer packaged goods brand, ever.
Lunchly
This joint venture, founded alongside Logan Paul and KSI, two other giants in the creator space, is positioned as a healthier alternative to Lunchables (though there’s virtually no evidence backing up that claim). The brand had a big PR misstep in 2024, when its meals were alleged to contain moldy cheese, which caught the attention of the Food and Drug Administration. Lunchly got through that controversy and its products are still on the market, with four varieties of snack kits available at stores.
Step
Donaldson’s most recent acquisition takes him into the fintech space. Step is a digital banking platform that counted Justin Timberlake, Will Smith, and Stephen Curry among its investors. It caters to younger generations, offering savings accounts, a debit-card-like Visa that builds their credit score, and more. (Terms of the deal weren’t disclosed.) In a February 9 social media post, Donaldson said he saw the Step acquisition as an opportunity to “give millions of young people the financial foundation I never had. Step will likely be folded into a new division, called MrBeast Financial, which Donaldson recently trademarked.
MrBeast Channels
Donaldson might be branching out, but to many people he remains, above all, a YouTube star. His primary channel is the most subscribed to in the world. Localized channel offshoots show his videos with Hindi, Spanish, and other non-English voice-overs. His additional channels, including Beast Reacts and MrBeast Gaming, further boost his online presence.
Beast Games
In 2024, Donaldson expanded beyond online videos to the streaming world, acting as executive producer for Beast Games, which airs on Amazon Prime Video. That show went on to become the most-viewed unscripted series in Prime Video’s history, attracting more than 50 million viewers within its first 25 days. A second season debuted on Prime Video in January, quickly climbing to become the most-streamed program on the service.
Beast Philanthropy
Not all of MrBeast’s business ventures are for-profit. Beast Philanthropy is a 501(c)(3) organization that aims to leverage social media to raise funds for global charitable causes. In November, the unit announced a partnership with the Rockefeller Foundation to combine their strengths. Months before that, Donaldson livestreamed for 15.5 hours to collect money for charity, raising $12 million in that time, setting a new record.
MrBeast Labs
This line of toys, launched in 2024, didn’t get the online push that Feastables did (in part because Donaldson was weathering some controversies at the time). That didn’t hurt the reception much, though. Thanks to positive media reviews, the minifigures were topping the sales charts on Amazon within a year. Prices for the toys range from $5 to $25.
Beast Animations
Another YouTube channel, Beast Animations features short-form videos based off of the MrBeast Lab toy line. Using an anime-like art style, the 10-episode series has been viewed more than 42.5 million times since its debut in October 2025. There’s no word yet on whether a second season is planned.
Viewstats
Donaldson is famously obsessed with data, so it’s not a big surprise that he built his own platform to analyze the numbers on his many channels. And given his wide swath of business ventures, it’s not too surprising that he began distributing those digital tools to other content creators. Viewstats markets itself as a device to help creators “create video ideas, titles, and thumbnails that go viral.”
MrBeast Burger
A rare misstep for Donaldson, this chain stumbled after customers complained about undercooked burgers. Envisioned as a delivery-centric venture specializing in burgers and fried chicken sandwiches, MrBeast Burger was meant to be a cornerstone of a food empire. Initially, it did well, selling 1 million burgers in three months. But then the quality complaints started and Donaldson got frustrated with Virtual Dining Concepts, his partner in the venture, which led to a bitter court battle. The business is still operating, but Donaldson has de-emphasized it amid his other ventures.
Beast Mobile
This is a business that Donaldson has not yet launched, but one he has made clear is a goal. In December, Beast Industries CEO Jeffrey Housenbold said at The New York Times DealBook Summit that the company plans to launch a phone service that would leverage MrBeasts popularity to sell wireless plans. Rather than building its own cellular network, Beast Mobile would likely be a mobile virtual network operator, running on the infrastructure of an existing carrier, similar to Mint Mobile. No timeline for the launch has been announced.
Ever feel like your solo business is running you into the ground? Solopreneurs don’t have the luxury of handing off tasks to a team. Everything lands on your plate, and there’s never enough time.
AI won’t run your business for you (despite what some of the big AI companies would have you believe). But it can give you back hours every week. Some tools are AI-first, meaning their primary job is to perform an AI-driven task. You can also look at adding AI features inside tools youre already using.
I rely heavily on AI in my solo business. I can get more done in less time, without sacrificing quality in any of my work.
Here are a few AI tools that can make a huge difference in a solo business.
{"blockType":"mv-promo-block","data":{"imageDesktopUrl":"https:\/\/images.fastcompany.com\/image\/upload\/f_webp,q_auto,c_fit\/wp-cms-2\/2025\/11\/work-better-1.png","imageMobileUrl":"https:\/\/images.fastcompany.com\/image\/upload\/f_webp,q_auto,c_fit\/wp-cms-2\/2025\/11\/work-better-mobile-1.png","eyebrow":"","headline":"\u003Cstrong\u003ESubscribe to Work Better\u003C\/strong\u003E","dek":"Thoughts on the future of work, career pivots, and why work shouldn\u0027t suck, by Anna Burgess Yang. To learn more, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.workbetter.media\/\u0022\u003Eworkbetter.media\u003C\/a\u003E.","subhed":"","description":"","ctaText":"SIGN UP","ctaUrl":"https:\/\/www.workbetter.media","theme":{"bg":"#f5f5f5","text":"#000000","eyebrow":"#9aa2aa","subhed":"#ffffff","buttonBg":"#000000","buttonHoverBg":"#3b3f46","buttonText":"#ffffff"},"imageDesktopId":91457605,"imageMobileId":91457608,"shareable":false,"slug":""}}
Meeting notetakers
An AI notetaker was the first AI-first tool I added to my business. My notetaker auto-joins my calls, records the conversations, transcribes everything, and sends me a recap with action items. Instead of scrambling to remember what a client said three months ago, I have a searchable archive of every meeting.
This solves a real problem: You can be fully present during the conversation rather than taking notes by hand. You also dont risk missing something important, which can happen with manual note-taking.
Tools: Otter, Fireflies, Fathom
Knowledge systems
Over time, solopreneurs accumulate a mountain of valuable material: proposals, client emails, blog drafts, research notes, and random thoughts. Most of it gets buried in folders (or notebooks), which makes it hard to track through your thinking or find related ideas.
A personal knowledge system changes that. It creates a searchable “second brain”like your own Wikipedia. Add AI into the mix, and you can chat with your own content instead of digging through your notes and files. Think of AI as a personal research assistant who has read everything you’ve ever written.
Tools: Google NotebookLM, Tana, Notion AI, Reflect
Standard operating procedures
Even if you work alone now, you might eventually bring on help (like a virtual assistant, a subcontractor, or a specialist for a specific project). When that happens, you’ll need documented processes. The problem is that writing step-by-step instructions for everything you do is tedious. Most solopreneurs never get around to it.
AI tools solve this by recording your screen as you complete a task and automatically generating written documentation. You walk through a process once, and the tool creates a standard operating procedure (SOP), complete with screenshots and written instructionswithout any extra effort on your part.
SOP tools are uncannily good. I usually only need to make small tweaks to the written version, and sometimes dont need to make any edits at all. I store them on my Google Drive so I can easily share them if needed.
Tools: Loom AI, Scribe, Tango
A business coach
One of the hardest parts of working solo is not having colleagues to bounce ideas off of. You make decisions about pricing, clients, marketing, etc., without a gut check from anyone else.
AI chatbots can serve as an on-demand sounding board. They won’t replace your judgment, since they cant understand the nuance of the real world and human relationships. But they’re useful for thinking through options, drafting difficult emails, or walking you through the different angles of an idea you might have.
In Claude, Ive created a Business Coach project. Ive uploaded a lot of files so Claude has context, including information about who I am, the work I do, my brand, and the potential clients Im targeting. When Im trying to think through something, Claude asks me questions. By responding, I clarify my own thinking.
The key is prompting well. The more context you give about your business, your situation, and any constraints (like your time or finances), the more useful the output.
Tools: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini
AI features embedded in existing tools
Every company has been rushing to add AI features to its products. Some are good. Some are included with your existing subscription, while others treat AI as an add-on.
For example, I rely on Airtable to run the back-end portion of my business. AI-powered field agents have been able to accomplish a lot of tasks I used to do manually.
A few other ideas:
AI-powered transaction matching in accounting software like QuickBooks or Kick can categorize your expenses and spot anomalies.
AI scheduling assistants in tools like Motion or Reclaim can help you plan your day and protect your calendar from too many meetings.
AI email features in apps like Superhuman or Spark can draft replies or prioritize your inbox.
The tools you already pay for are getting better. If AI has been added since you originally signed up, the features are worth exploring.
Start with one new tool
AI fluency is becoming a baseline skill, like knowing how to use a spreadsheet. And its becoming ubiquitous: Apps will keep adding AI features to make work easier and faster.
But you don’t need to master everything at once. Pick the tool that solves an obvious problem or can complete a tas that drains a lot of time from your day. Figure out how to get the most out of it before adding the next thing.
{"blockType":"mv-promo-block","data":{"imageDesktopUrl":"https:\/\/images.fastcompany.com\/image\/upload\/f_webp,q_auto,c_fit\/wp-cms-2\/2025\/11\/work-better-1.png","imageMobileUrl":"https:\/\/images.fastcompany.com\/image\/upload\/f_webp,q_auto,c_fit\/wp-cms-2\/2025\/11\/work-better-mobile-1.png","eyebrow":"","headline":"\u003Cstrong\u003ESubscribe to Work Better\u003C\/strong\u003E","dek":"Thoughts on the future of work, career pivots, and why work shouldn\u0027t suck, by Anna Burgess Yang. To learn more, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.workbetter.media\/\u0022\u003Eworkbetter.media\u003C\/a\u003E.","subhed":"","description":"","ctaText":"SIGN UP","ctaUrl":"https:\/\/www.workbetter.media","theme":{"bg":"#f5f5f5","text":"#000000","eyebrow":"#9aa2aa","subhed":"#ffffff","buttonBg":"#000000","buttonHoverBg":"#3b3f46","buttonText":"#ffffff"},"imageDesktopId":91457605,"imageMobileId":91457608,"shareable":false,"slug":""}}
The 2026 Milan Cortina Olympics are giving people at home a first-of-its-kind, first-person view of the Winter Games, all thanks to a fleet of custom-built drones.
The small, agile drones can be spottednot to mention heardbuzzing across Olympic venues, and they’re giving what broadcasters call a “third dimension” to the viewing experience. Instead of capturing the action only from fixed or semifixed cameras on cables and cranes, operators of these drones give viewers an athletes perspective as they race down slopes and around tracks.
“This is the closest you can get to feeling a jump,” ski-jumper-turned-drone-operator Jonas Sandell said in a statement.
A drone captures Team Great Britains Makayla Gerken Schofield during the women’s Olympic moguls qualifying event on February 10, 2026, in Livigno, Italy. [Photo: Getty Images]
It’s a thrilling perspective, and it’s at the heart of the visual concept for the Games, which is about showing movement in sport.
“It’s about capturing the motion of the athletenot just the result, but the sensation of speed, the tactics, the technique, and the environment in which they compete,” Mark Wallace, Olympic Broadcasting Services chief content officer, said in a statement.
The custom drones are designed for agility and speed, with inverted blades and propellers mounted on the bottom so they can make smoother flight curves and tighter turns, providing viewers with immersive aerial coverage. What the drones are not designed for? Endurance; their batteries only last an average of two athlete runs before having to be replaced, according to the Olympics media guide.
Broadcasters are deploying 25 drones during the Games, including these agile, custom drones as well as the standard drones used for scenic and transitional coverage.
Each of the custom first-person-view drones is operated by a team of threea pilot, director, and technicianand they’re supported by technical crew. Heated support cabins feature battery charging stations, spare drones, and receivers the drone teams use to communicate.
Drones have made cameos at the Olympics before. More than 1,218 drones put on a light show during the 2018 PyeongChang Games, and drones also filmed mountain biking for the 2024 Paris Games.
For Milan Cortina, drones are being deployed more widely than ever for a slew of events, including bobsled, luge, ski mountaineering, and indoor speed skating. For sliding sports, the drones are following athletes traveling at speeds of up to nearly 90 mph. It’s a view of the Olympics viewers have never seen before.
A little over a year after TikTok temporarily went dark in the United States and users were greeted with a message explaining that a law banning TikTok has been enacted, those same U.S. users opened the app to find a pop-up message requiring them to agree to new terms before they could continue scrolling.
The new terms of service and privacy policy went into effect on January 22, 2026, following the apps sale from ByteDance to TikTok USDS Joint Venture LLC, a majority American-owned company that reportedly will control U.S. users data and content and the apps recommendation algorithm.
People see this kind of pop-up all the time, and according to research, the biggest lie on the internet is that people ever read anything before clicking agree. But given many users unease about the ownership changeincluding fears of swapping Chinese surveillance for U.S. surveillanceit is unsurprising that this time, people paid attention. Screenshots of legal language spread quickly online, accompanied by warnings about sweeping new data collection.
Im both a TikTok content creator and a tech ethics and policy researcher who has studied website terms and conditions, especially whether people read them (they dont) and how well they understand them (they also dont). When I saw the outrage on social media, I immediately dove down a terms of service and privacy policy rabbit hole that had me tumbling into the wayback machine and also looking at similar policies on other apps and TikToks policies in other countries.
In the end, I discovered that in the most widely shared examples, the language that sounded most alarming had either hardly changed at all or described practices that are fairly standard across social media.
Some changes arent really changes
Consider the list of sensitive personal information in TikToks new privacy policy, which includes items like sexual orientation and immigration status. Many users interpreted this list as evidence that TikTok had begun collecting more personal data. However, this exact same list appeared in the previous version of TikToks U.S. privacy policy, which was last updated in August 2024. And in both cases, the language focuses on information you disclosefor example, in your content or in responses to user surveys.
This language is in place presumably to comply with state privacy laws such as Californias Consumer Privacy Act, which includes requirements for disclosure of the collection of certain categories of information. TikToks new policy specifically cited the California law. Metas privacy policy lists very similar categories, and this language overall tends to signal regulatory compliance by disclosing existing data collection rather than additional surveillance.
Location tracking also prompted concerns. The new policy states that TikTok may collect precise location data, depending on your settings. This is a change, but its also common practice for the major social media apps.
The change also brings the companys U.S. policy in line with TikTok policies in other countries. For example, the companys European Economic Area privacy policy has very similar language, and users in the U.K. have to grant precise location access to use a Nearby Feed for finding events and businesses near them.
Though apps have other ways to approximate location, such as IP address, a user will have to grant permission through their phones location services in order for TikTok to access precise location via GPSpermission that TikTok has not yet requested from U.S. users. However, the new policy opens the door for users having the option to grant that permission in the future.
This CBC report describes the aftermath of the TikTok sale and why many users are deleting the app.
No news does not equal good news
None of this is to say that users are wrong to be cautious. Even if TikToks legal language around data privacy is standard for the industry, who controls your data and your feed is still very relevant. Uninstalls for the app spiked 130% in the days following the change, with many users expressing concern about the ties that the new owners have to President Donald Trumpnotably Oracle, the company led by Trump supporter Larry Ellison.
It also didnt help that TikToks first week under American ownership was a complete disaster. Severe technical problemslater attributed by TikTok to a data center power failurehappened to coincide with the new ownership announcement, fueling widespread concerns about censorship of content critical of the U.S. government. Perhaps some users remembered that Trump once joked about making the platform 100% MAGA.
But regardless of what actually happened, at this point, distrusting tech companies isnt exactly irrational.
Clarity and trust
Conflating very real structural risks with unfamiliar sentences in legal documents, however, can obscure what is actually changing and what isnt. The misleading information about TikToks policy changes that spread across social media is also vidence of a well-known design failure: Most tech policies arent made to be read.
My own work revealed that these documents are often written at a college or even graduate school reading level. Another analysis once calculated that if every American read the privacy policy for each website they visit for just a year, it would cost $785 billion in lost leisure and productivity time.
So the discussion about TikToks policies is a case study in the deep mismatch between how tech companies communicate and how people interpret risk, particularly in an era of exceptionally low trust in both Big Tech and government. Right now, ambiguity doesnt feel neutral. It feels threatening.
Instead of dismissing these reactions as overblown, I believe that companies should recognize that if a huge portion of their user base assumes the worst, thats not a reading comprehension problem; its a trust problem. So writing data privacy policies more legibly is a start, but rebuilding any kind of inherent trust in the stewardship of that data is probably the more important challenge.
Casey Fiesler is an associate professor of information science at the University of Colorado Boulder.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.