While speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, on January 21, Jamie Dimon, chairman and CEO of JPMorgan Chase, said AI could bring about “civil unrest” by destroying jobs, and that businesses and governments need to step in to help.
He made the comments in response to a question about whether AI will lead to fewer jobs over the next several years. Dimon said he believes the impact won’t be as catastrophic to the labor market as some are predicting, but he also didn’t deny some inevitable upheaval. “Don’t put your head in the sand,” he urged. “It is what it is. We’re gonna deploy it.”
He continued, “Will it eliminate jobs? Yes. Will it change jobs? Yes. Will it add some jobs? Probably. . . . However, it may go too fast for society, and if it goes too fast for society thats where governments and businesses [need to] in a collaborative way step in together and come up with a way to retrain people and move it over time.
Dimon pitched the idea that local governments and businesses are going to need to provide support to workers in the form of income assistance programs, relocation assistance, and retraining to avoid mass unemployment. “We’re not gonna kill all of our employees because of AI,” he said. “We’re just not.”
The CEO also said that phasing in the technology slowly is the best approach in order to give people time to adjust and for businesses to come up with solutions, even if that means additional government regulation. He cautioned that companies should not conduct mass layoffs all at once: Youll have civil unrest.
You want the government to tell you you cant lay off a whole bunch of people at JPMorgan? moderator Zanny Minton Beddoes, editor-in-chief of The Economist, asked.
Wed agree, Dimon replied. If we have to do that to save society. He caveated this should be done at a local levelfor example, governments providing incentives for retraining employees or giving them assistance.
In the past, Dimon hasn’t been shy about criticizing the government for too much regulation or what he deems the wrong regulation. In fact, he opposes other precautionary measures like capping credit card interest at 10%. Last year, he called the government “inefficient” and “not very competent” and said he hoped the Department of Government Efficiency would be “quite successful.”
Regardless of the worries that Dimon expressed about the pace of AI, job losses, and the potential for the technology to “do something terrible,” he seemed ready to accept his own company’s fatewhatever it may be. When asked if JPMorgan will have fewer employees over the next five years, he predicted that it would.
Still, not everyone agreed with Dimon’s statements on AI’s impact on jobs. Jensen Huang, chief executive of Nvidia, said that labor shortages are the issue we should be more concerned with, arguing that AI is actually creating more roles than it is stealing. “This is the largest infrastructure build-out in human history,” Huang said. “That’s gonna create a lot of jobs.”
For all the talk of how artificial intelligence will revolutionize the way we live and work, there are few industries where generative AI has already had a profound impact. Across the education space, however, from K-12 schools to universities, AI has been widely adopted by students and teachers alike. Educators are using AI to create lesson plans and save time on administrative work and even grading. And students now regularly use AI chatbots in the classroom and for help with assignmentsto varying results.
The rapid clip of AI adoption has raised fraught questions about academic integrity and responsible use of the technology, among both teachers and students. But colleges and universities are also grappling with how to meet the moment and equip a new generation of students with the AI skills they will inevitably need as the workplace transforms.
In a panel discussion this weekwhich aired as part of an Education for Impact webinar presented by Inc., Fast Company, and Texas A&M Universitya group of education innovators shared how their companies are partnering with higher education institutions to do exactly that. Laura Ipsen, the president and CEO of education tech company Ellucian, talked about how an AI-powered solution called Ellucian Journey enables continuous learning by pairing skills with actual career paths and workforce gaps.
It [has] got to almost be real-time and predictive, Ipsen said during the panel. What are the skills that . . . are going to match the global market of today? Because it’s evolving very quickly. We’ve got to leverage the power of AI to build those solutions and capabilities across all of education technology to enable that. These are the types of things that are going to put a great spotlight on higher educationthat they are transformational [and] moving with speed.
Online learning platforms like edX and its parent company 2U have made it possible for workers to upskill and reskill at different points in their careers, through certifications and courses from top higher education institutions.
What we are trying to do, working with our partner institutions, is make sure that people have the right skills at the right time, said Anant Agrawal, the chief academic officer of 2U and founder and former CEO of edX. If you are 35 and you have a couple of kids, the odds that you’re going to be able to go back to university and get a new degree are zero. So really, your only choice is to do something online, and you don’t have the time or patience to spend two years or four years learning something new.
As lifelong learning becomes the norm, colleges and universities can play a crucial role in reaching people long after they have left the education system. EdX is now offering courses on generative AIincluding one taught by generative AI, Agrawal saidthat are tailored to workers and leaders who need to get up to speed on the technology. A partnership with Microsoft called CxO Edge caters to executives who want to run their business by harnessing AI.
Employers are having their employees take courses on our platform . . . like AI for finance or AI for marketing, or more foundational subjects like core AI, Agrawal said. We’re just seeing a huge, huge embrace of AI courses and content by employers.
Some higher education institutions have been reluctant to adopt or invest in AI, to which Ipsen argues: You have got to jump into the sandbox and play with it, because this is going to happen. It’s going to happen with you or without you.
Many colleges and universities are facing existential questions about their value in a world that is being reshaped by AI, especially as tuition costs continue to rise and new graduates struggle to find employment. Lee Weiss, the chief commercial officer of higher education at Kaplan, believes thats an opportunity for colleges and universities to step up.
We’re at a point right now where there’s more disagreement on whether higher ed is relevant, Weiss said during the panel. Universities have a really important role here to make sure that the degrees [and certifications] that students are getting are relevant for a fast-changing world.
Making sure that students are getting the AI skills that they need to be competent and confident is really, really important.
Capital One is buying Brex in a $5.15 billion stock-and-cash deal that underscores how traditional banks are turning to fintech startups to modernize the way businesses manage money.
The acquisition, announced Thursday, would bring Brex, the San Franciscobased corporate card and expense management company, into the fold of one of the largest U.S. financial institutions. The transaction is expected to close in mid-2026, pending regulatory approval and customary conditions. Brex CEO and cofounder Pedro Franceschi will continue to lead the company as part of Capital One.
At first glance, the deal looks like a straightforward expansion into corporate cards. In reality, it is about software, automation, and how artificial intelligence is beginning to reshape financial operations inside companies.
Brex built its reputation by offering startups corporate cards without personal guarantees and pairing them with tools that made expense tracking and approvals easier. Over time, the company evolved into a broader platform that combines payments, spend management, and banking services in a single interface used by more than 25,000 companies, including DoorDash, Robinhood, Zoom, and Plaid.
In recent years, Brex has increasingly described itself as an AI-native finance platform, highlighting tools that automate expense review, enforce spending policies, and reduce the manual work typically handled by finance teams.
That positioning appears to be central to Capital Ones interest.
Why a bank is buying a fintech now
For more than a decade, large banks have tried to compete with fintech startups by building their own digital tools. Many of those efforts have struggled to match the user experience and speed of companies designed from the ground up as software platforms.
Capital One, which has long positioned itself as one of the most technology-forward U.S. banks and was the first major bank to migrate fully to the public cloud, still faces the same challenge as its peers in the commercial banking space. Corporate banking portals and expense tools often feel dated when compared with modern fintech products.
Buying Brex gives Capital One a ready-made software layer designed around how companies actually manage spending, rather than how banks traditionally process transactions.
Acquiring Brex accelerates this journey, especially in the business payments marketplace, Capital One CEO Richard Fairbank said in a statement announcing the deal.
The broader fintech backdrop
The acquisition comes at a moment when the fintech sector looks very different from its peak in the late 2010s and early 2020s.
Brex was founded in 2017 and quickly became one of Silicon Valleys most prominent fintech startups, riding a wave of investor enthusiasm for companies that blended software with financial services. Its valuation soared as startups flocked to its corporate card and expense tools.
But as venture funding slowed and interest rates rose, many fintech companies faced tougher conditions. Growth expectations were reset, and IPO plans were delayed across the sector. Strategic acquisitions by large banks have increasingly become an alternative path forward.
For banks, these deals offer a way to acquire modern technology and talent without building from scratch. For fintech companies, they offer access to large balance sheets, regulatory infrastructure, and a broader customer base.
A bet on automation inside companies
The deal also reflects a growing focus on how artificial intelligence can change the back-office work of running a business.
Brex has promoted its use of AI agents to automate expense reviews, flag policy violations, and handle tasks that once required manual oversight by finance teams. Rather than simply tracking spending after the fact, the platform aims to guide and control spending in real time.
Capital One appears to see this as a key part of the future of business payments. As companies look to reduce costs and operate more efficiently, tools that cut down on administrative work have become more appealing.
By combining Brexs software with Capital Ones underwriting, payments network, and deposit base, the bank is positioning itself to offer a more integrated system for how businesses issue cards, manage expenses, and move money.
What happens to Brex
Brex is expected to continue operating under its own leadership after the acquisition, with Franceschi remaining at the helm. That suggests Capital One is aiming to preserve the companys product approach and culture rather than fold it into a traditional banking unit.
For Brex, the deal provides scale that is difficult for a stand-alone fintech to achieve. Access to Capital Ones infrastructure and resources could allow it to expand beyond the startup and tech companies that formed its early customer base and into a broader range of U.S. businesses.
A sign of where business finance is heading
The acquisition points to a larger shift in how financial services for businesses are evolving. Corporate cards are no longer just a line of credit. They are part of software systems that manage budgets, approvals, and compliance automatically.
For Capital One, buying Brex is a way to accelerate its move into that model. For Brex, it is a chance to bring its platform to a wider audience under the umbrella of a major bank.
For the fintech industry, the deal is another indication that the next phase of growth may come less from stand-alone startups and more from partnerships and acquisitions with established financial institutions.
Patagonia, the outdoor apparel company, is suing Pattie Gonia, the drag queen and environmentalist, for trademark infringementa move the company says is necessary to protect the brand [it has] spent the last 50 years building.
In a lawsuit filed in California federal court this week, Patagonia argues that Pattie Gonias name, particularly when used on apparel or in support of environmental sustainability, competes directly with the products and advocacy work that are core to Patagonia.
Patagonia claims in its complaint that the overlapping names have already confused customers, and that a recent move from the drag queen to sell her own branded apparel goes against a prior agreement the two parties had. The company is seeking a nominal $1 in damages.
Were not against art, creative expression, or commentary about our brand, Patagonia says in a statement. We want Pattie to have a long and successful career and make progress on issues that matterbut in a way that respects Patagonias intellectual property and ability to use our brand to sell products and advocate for the environment.
Overlapping work
According to the lawsuit, the company and the environmentalist have long openly discussed how Pattie Gonia can continue her advocacy work and brand deals without infringing on Patagonias trademarks.
Pattie Gonia reportedly previously agreed to not use her name in any form on products, to not use or display Patagonias logos, and to not use the same font, Belwe, that Patagonia uses.
But according to Patagonia, in 2024, Pattie Gonia sold branded apparel online and used versions of the company logo. And then in September 2025, she sought to trademark the brand Pattie Gonia for use on clothing and apparel, and to promote environmental activism.
These rights would directly overlap with the work we do and the products we provide, the company said.
The lawsuit cites T-shirts sold on Pattie Gonias website that say Pattie Gonia Hiking Club, along with stickers and gloves worn by the drag queen that seem to imitate Patagonias logo.
At the time of publication, Pattie Gonias merch page showed her apparel as being sold out. Pattie Gonia did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Patagonia says it can’t “selectively choose” to enforce its trademark
Members of the public have already been confused as to whether or not Pattie Gonia is affiliated with Patagonia, the company claims. The lawsuit includes screenshots of a Pattie Gonia social media post on which commenters praised the company and even said they “genuinely thought this was a Patagonia ad.
While Pattie Gonia has partnered with outdoor groups and brandsincluding The North Face, National Geographic, REI, and Backcountry, according to her websiteshe has not officially partnered with Patagonia. (The company has featured Pattie Gonia and her nonprofit, The Outdoorist Oath, in an interview on the Patagonia site.)
If the company doesnt prevent people or groups, including Pattie Gonia, from copying its brand and logo, it says, then it risks losing the ability to defend our trademarks entirely.
Other groups, including the oil and gas lobby, have already misappropriated Patagonias name and logo. The lawsuit cites a T-shirt, for example, emblazoned with “Petrogonia in the Patagonia font, against a silhouette of oil drilling equipment that mimics the companys mountain silhouette.
To put a finer point on it, we cannot selectively choose to enforce our rights based on whether we agree with a particular point of view, the company says. For these reasons, Pattie Gonias use of a near-copy of our name commercially . . . poses long-term threats to Patagonias brand and our activism.
While Pattie Gonia did not immediately respond to a request for comment, she and her business said in a statement to Bloomberg Law that they have never and will never reference the brand Patagonias logo or brand, adding that there was plenty of room for both the company and the drag queen to play in this box.
Everyone is talking about it in group chats, at the supermarket, and at the gas pump. No, it’s not Heated Rivalryit is the “monster” winter storm that is set to hit the U.S. this weekend, traveling from Texas across the Southwest, into the Southeast, and finally into the Mid-Atlantic states and into New England.
The storm is forecast to dump a whopping ten to 20 inches of snow, creating dangerous conditions for about half the nation, according to the Washington Post.
Widespread heavy snow, sleet, damaging ice, and a potential nor’easter could affect as many as 230 million Americans from Friday, January 23 to Monday, January 26, bringing temperatures below zero, according to the Weather Channel. While it’s too early to predict the storm’s exact path and snowfall, heavy snow is forecast for Memphis, Nashville, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York City, and Boston.
How to prepare for the winter storm
The weather could create dangerous travel conditions, both on the roads and in the air, and has the potential for power outages amid freezing temperatures.
Here are some tips from the National Weather Service (NWS) on what you can do to prepare before the storm:
Make an emergency supply kit with things like a first aid kit, flashlight, cell phone charger, batteries, food and water, gloves, hates, boots and warm winter clothing
For your car: Get a full tank of gas, snow shovel and brush, blankets, and jumper cables
In case your heat goes out, here’s what to do, according to the NWS:
Wear layers of loose-fitting, lightweight, warm clothing. Remove layers to avoid overheating, perspiration, and subsequent chill
Close off unneeded rooms to avoid wasting heat
Stuff towels or rags in cracks under doors
Close blinds or curtains to keep in some heat
Do not run a generator inside your home or garage
The National Weather Service says food provides the body with energy for producing its own heat, so eat and drink lots of water and other non-caffeinated, non-alcholohic drinks to prevent dehydration. Cold air is hydrating.
Stay safe and warm out there!
One of the giants of the gaming business has tumbled off a cliff.
Ubisoft, the French game publisher best known for the Assassin’s Creed series, just announced plans to dramatically reorganize its business. In the process, the company will kill six games it had in the works, including a long-awaited Prince of Persia title that was expected this month. Ubisoft shares dropped by more than 30% following the news.
The game publisher said the changes are designed to make it more agile in order to drive a sharp rebound for the company, which has seen its stock tank over the last five years. To chart that course, Ubisoft said it will selectively close the game studios it operates in Halifax and Stockholm, while restructuring other studios based in Abu Dhabi, Malmö, and Helsinki.
The company will consolidate its studios into five genre-specific creative houses that combine game production and publishing. The company described the desperate measures as a major reset to set itself on a path to sustainable growth. For the year, Ubisoft now expects net bookings of roughly $1.5 billion euros, down by $330 million from its previous guidance.
It is a radical move, relying on a more decentralized creative organization with faster decision making and best-in-class cross functional core services supporting and serving each Creative House, Ubisoft Founder and CEO Yves Guillemo wrote in press release, emphasizing that the changes would provide deep cost reduction designed to rightsize the 17,000-person company.
Beyond the now-axed remake of Prince of Persia: The Sands of Time, which Ubisoft said did not meet its new enhanced quality criteria, the publisher will abandon four unannounced games, including three new IPs and a mobile title.
A dramatic decline for a AAA heavyweight
The changes afoot at Ubisoft demonstrate a stunning fall from grace for a company synonymous with the gaming industry. The French gaming giant publishes many hit titles beyond its long-running Assassin’s Creed franchise, including the Tom Clancy series, Far Cry, Rayman, Just Dance, and Watch Dogs.
Ubisofts retreat symbolizes bigger shifts in the gaming industry, but also avoidable failures.
The pandemic-era game industry boom times that saw many gamers holed up at home, desperate for entertainment are now over. Persistent inflation means gamers have less cash on hand to spend, particularly after the cost of many new releases jumped up to $70. Meanwhile, big AAA studios like Ubisoft are looking to trim back budgets as the cost of making games goes up. Many people working in the gaming industry are hanging onto their jobs by a thread in the face of mass layoffs, if they havent decamped for another field altogether.
Ubisoft has also made many of its own missteps. The publisher was forced to face its own demons during the gaming industrys recent cultural reckoning, which revealed patterns of pervasive sexual harassment and workplace discrimination at some game companies. Last year, three former Ubisoft executives were found guilty of fostering a culture of psychological and sexual harassment by a French court.
The French game maker has also suffered from a few high profile game failures, including the 2024 release of Star Wars Outlaws - a release Ubisoft expected to be a major money maker. That games problems cascaded into Ubisofts next major release, Assassins Creed Shadows, which the company delayed in light of the softer than expected reception for the prior game.
Ubisofts role in shaping the gaming trends of the last decade is hard to overstate. At its best, the companys games are praised for their sprawling, meticulously-detailed open worlds. But after many releases and many iterations, that formula may have overstayed its welcome.
The game publisher has faced widespread criticism in recent years for churning out cookie-cutter open world games bloated by too much filler content. Gamers have more choice than ever in 2026, and theyre not afraid to opt for innovative indie titles handcrafted by small teams over AAA stalwarts that are growing stale.
On the one hand, the AAA industry has become persistently more selective and competitive with rising development costs and greater challenges in creating brands, Guillemo said in Ubisofts announcement. On the other hand, exceptional AAA games, when successful, have more financial potential than ever.
If you have travel plans this weekend and dont necessarily need to travel, you may be in luck.
A massive winter storm is forecasted this weekenddubbed Winter Storm Fern by the Weather Channeland could bring crippling ice and heavy snow to more than 30 states stretching from Arizona to Maine. With some 230 million Americans potentially affected, many airlines are preemptively warning travelers about potential weather-related disruptions and offering travel waivers in advance.
The major U.S. carriers have issued alerts to travelers with flights scheduled out of airports across more than 20 states, though the terms for changing your travel plans can vary significantly by airline. If you plan to change your travel plans, for example, you will generally need to rebook in the next few days and choose new travel dates within the next year.
But its also important to gauge your expectations: Dont expect to score some cash from this storm. In September, the Department of Transportation updated its lengthy fly rights guidelines and cautioned that amenities to stranded passengers vary by airline, even if the cause is weather or something else beyond the carriers control.
Each airline has its own policies about what it will do for delayed passengers waiting at the airport; there are no federal requirements, according to information from the Transportation Department. Contrary to popular belief, for domestic itineraries, airlines are not required to compensate passengers whose flights are delayed or canceled.
Here are how the big four airlinesAmerican Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines, and Southwest Airlinesare preparing for this weekends storm, along with some of the other popular U.S. carriers.
AMERICAN AIRLINES: CHANGE FEES WAIVED
American Airlines has issued a travel alert for more than 30 different airports and is likely to see some major disruptions, as its main hub is at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport. The National Weather Service is currently forecasting that the Dallas metro area could see cold rain beginning on Friday that will gradually transition into freezing rain and sleet, before eventually becoming snow by Sunday.
If you are booked on an American flight with travel scheduled for Friday, Saturday, or Sunday, you can change your trip, and the change fee will be waived. However, you must follow a few rules: The fee will be waived if you can travel some other time until next Wednesday, January 28; dont change your origin or destination city; and rebook in the same cabin or pay the difference to upgrade.
To take advantage of the waiver on change fees, you will need to rebook your trip by this Sunday, and your travel must be completed within one year of the original ticket date.
DELTA AIR LINES: FARE DIFFERENCES WAIVED
Delta Air Lines, with its main hub at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, could fare somewhat better, as the Atlanta area is on a winter storm watch and slightly below the threat of the worst of the winter storm.
That said, the airline has issued a travel advisory for more than 40 airports in 10 states. Affected travelers have until next Wednesday, January 28, to rebook traveland rebooked travel must occur on or before that date to be eligible for the fare difference to be waived. However, a fare difference may apply, the airline cautions, if you upgrade your original booking class.
If youre not able to reschedule your travel to meet these rebooking guidelines, you may cancel your original reservation and apply the unused value of the ticket toward the purchase of a new ticket for travel within one year of the original issue date.
UNITED AIRLINES: CHANGE FEES, FARE DIFFERENCES WAIVED
With its headquarters in Chicago, United Airlines is very accustomed to dealing with winter weather disruptions, and the city isnt in the eye of this particular winter storm. Unlike American and Delta, United has issued two separate travel alertsone for the Eastern U.S. and the other for the Southern U.S.and they encompass two slightly different time periods.
The travel alert for the Southern U.S. could affect airports in nine states, according to United, and applies to flights scheduled for Friday through Sunday. Meanwhile, the travel alert for the Eastern U.S. could affect airports in 14 states and the District of Columbia, and applies to flights scheduled for Saturday and extending through Monday.
The options for United travelers who face potential disruptions are the same: Reschedule your travel plans, and the airline will waive change fees and fare difference. To qualify, the new flight must depart on or before next Wednesday, January 28, for flights on the East Coast, and on or before next Thursday, January 29, for flights in the South.
SOUTHWEST AIRLINES: LONGER WINDOW FOR REBOOKING
Southwest Airlines, the fourth-largest U.S. carrier, has always done things a little differently than its bigger competitorsand that extends to how it is handling potential disruptions from the winter storm. Its main hub is at the Dallas Love Field Airport, so like American, Southwest is likely to see some impact to its flights and has issued a travel advisory for airports in 15 states and D.C.
The airline was just deemed the best in The Wall Street Journals ranking of airlines for 2025, beating out rivals in every category measured.
If youre a Southwest passenger with a reservation to, from, or through one of the airports on its list, you can enjoy a longer rebooking period of 14 days within the original date of travel to take advantage of the waiver in fare difference. Whats more, if you decide to cancel your trip, you may be eligible for a refund for the unused ticket, along with any optional travel charges you have already paid for on affected flights. As is true of all of the airlines, be sure to read the specific rules before making changes.
HOW OTHER AIRLINES ARE PREPARING
Airlines have more leeway than many passengers may realize on how they handle travel disruptionsand thats quite evident if you scroll through the Department of Transportations < href="https://www.transportation.gov/airconsumer/airline-cancellation-delay-dashboard">airline cancellation and delay dashboard. That dashboard details how 10 different U.S. carriers handle controllable disruptionsa cancellation or delay that was due to circumstances within the airlines control.
As the agency cautions, airlines similarly can chart their own route for how to handle weather disruptions.
If you have a ticket issued by Alaska Airlines or Hawaiian Airlines, which are under the same ownership, you can change or cancel your trip without a fee. The same is true for passengers on flights with Frontier Airlines and JetBlue, though the latter offers a slightly longer rebooking period (through January 31).
Finally, low-fare and regional airlines may provide even fewer accommodations to travelers affected by this weekends disruptions.If you have a ticket with Spirit Airlines, the carrier will waive fare differences on rebooked tickets, though its travel advisory makes no mention of what happens if you cancel your trip. Allegiant Air has issued a travel alert for 15 cities it serves, but makes absolutely no mention of what accommodations it will offer to impacted travelers. And Breeze Airways has similarly issued a travel advisory, though the airline indicates that affected travelers will be notified with optionsand its typical accommodations vary widely, depending on the length of the delay or type of disruption.
With birth rates down around the world, Procter & Gamble is leaning into premium diapers to bolster sales figures. Specifically, the conglomerate is planning to sell diapers made with silk fibers in China, the companys second-largest market, in hopes of attracting new parents.
The news came out of Procter & Gambles earnings conference call on Thursday, during which president and CEO Shailesh Jejurikar discussed the logic behind leaning into the premium diaper category with Pampers Prestige.
The China team created a product, he said, that leveraged Chinese history with silk. The shiny, soft-yet-strong, luxurious material has been a status symbol for more than 2,000 years, he said.
Pampers Prestige is the only leading diaper brand that has real silky ingredients in the product. Delivering the ultimate experience of skin comfort and protection. The shiny soft feel package conveys superiority at first touch.
The data does support the decision, too. Jejurikar noted that P&Gs latest earnings report showed that in Greater China, the companys baby care business line has seen robust organic sales growth and increased its market share by almost 3%. Meanwhile, in North America, organic sales were down 2%.
But again, with fewer babies in China and elsewhere, the company needs to find ways to keep sales figures upso, its going with higher-priced, premium products, rather than aiming for volume. Overall, the global diaper market is huge, valued at around more than $72 billion as of 2025, according to data from Precedence Research. That number is expected to grow to nearly $118 billion by 2035.
Also important: Research indicates that Gen Z and millennial parents have expressed a willingness to pay more for premium, sustainable products, such as diapers. That includes diapers that use plant-based materials and fibers, which could include silk or bamboo.
P&Gs pre-market earnings announcement was met positively by investors, and as of 12 p.m. ET, shares were trading up more than 2%.
Large language models feel intelligent because they speak fluently, confidently, and at scale. But fluency is not understanding, and confidence is not perception. To grasp the real limitation of todays AI systems, it helps to revisit an idea that is more than two thousand years old.
In The Republic, Plato describes the allegory of the cave: prisoners chained inside a cave can only see shadows projected on a wall. Having never seen the real objects casting those shadows, they mistake appearances for reality, and they are deprived from experiencing the real world.
Large language models live in a very similar cave.
LLMs dont perceive the world: they read about it
LLMs do not see, hear, touch, or interact with reality. They are trained almost entirely on text: books, articles, posts, comments, transcripts, and fragments of human expression collected from across history and the internet. That text is their only input. Their only experience.
LLMs only see shadows: texts produced by humans describing the world. Those texts are their entire universe. Everything an LLM knows about reality comes filtered through language, written by people with varying degrees of intelligence, honesty, bias, knowledge, and intent.
Text is not reality: it is a human representation of reality. It is mediated, incomplete, biased, and wildly heterogeneous, often distorted. Human language reflects opinions, misunderstandings, cultural blind spots, and outright falsehoods. Books and the internet contain extraordinary insights, but also conspiracy theories, propaganda, pornography, abuse, and sheer nonsense. When we train LLMs on all the text, we are not giving them access to the world. We are giving them access to humanitys shadows on the wall.
This is not a minor limitation. It is the core architectural flaw of current AI.
Why scale doesnt solve the problem
The prevailing assumption in AI strategy has been that scale fixes everything: more data, bigger models, more parameters, more compute. But more shadows on the wall do not equal reality.
Because LLMs are trained to predict the most statistically likely next word, they excel at producing plausible language, but not at understanding causality, physical constraints, or real-world consequences. This is why hallucinations are not a bug to be patched away, but a structural limitation.
As Yann LeCun has repeatedly argued, language alone is not a sufficient foundation for intelligence.
The shift toward world models
This is why attention is increasingly turning toward world models: systems that build internal representations of how environments work, learn from interaction, and simulate outcomes before acting.
Unlike LLMs, world models are not limited to text. They can incorporate time-series data, sensor inputs, feedback loops, ERP data, spreadsheets, simulations, and the consequences of actions. Instead of asking What is the most likely next word?, they ask a far more powerful question:
What will happen if we do this?
What this looks like in practice
For executives, this is not an abstract research debate. World models are already emerging (often without being labeled as such), in domains where language alone is insufficient.
Supply chains and logistics: A language model can summarize disruptions or generate reports. A world model can simulate how a port closure, fuel price increase, or supplier failure propagates through a network, and test alternative responses before committing capital.
Insurance and risk management: LLMs can explain policies or answer customer questions. World models can learn how risk actually evolves over time, simulate extreme events, and estimate cascading losses under different scenarios, something no text-only system can reliably do.
Manufacturing and operations: Digital twins of factories are early world models. They dont just describe processes; they simulate how machines, materials, and timing interact, allowing companies to predict failures, optimize throughput, and test changes virtually before touching the real system.
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In all these cases, language is useful, but insufficient. Understanding requires a model of how the world behaves, not just how people talk about it.
The post-LLM architecture
This does not mean abandoning language models. It means putting them in their proper place.
In the next phase of AI:
LLMs become interfaces, copilots, and translators
World models provide grounding, prediction, and planning
Language sits on top of systems that learn from reality itself
In Platos allegory, the prisoners are not freed by studying the shadows more carefully: they are freed by turning around and confronting the source of those shadows, and eventually the world outside the cave.
AI is approaching a similar moment.
The organizations that recognize this early will stop mistaking fluent language for understanding and start investing in architectures that model their own reality. Those companies wont just build AI that talks convincingly about the world: theyll build AI that actually understands how it works.
Will your company understand this? Will your company be able to build its world model?
Valentino, who died on Monday at 93, leaves a lasting legacy full of celebrities, glamour and, in his words, knowing what women want: to be beautiful.
The Italian fashion powerhouse has secured his dream of making a lasting impact, outliving Karl Lagerfeld and Yves Saint Laurent.
Valentino was known for his unique blend between the bold and colourful Italian fashion and the elegant French haute couturethe highest level of craftsmanship in fashion, with exceptional detail and strict professional dressmaking standards.
The blending of these styles to create the signature Valentino silhouette made his style distinctive. Valentinos style was reserved, and over his career, he built upon the haute couture skills he had developed, maintaining his signature style while he led his fashion house for five decades.
But he was certainly not without his own controversial views on beauty for women.
Becoming the designer
Born in Voghera, Italy, in 1932, Valentino Clemente Ludovico began his career early, knowing from a young age he would pursue fashion.
He drew from a young age and studied fashion drawing at Santa Marta Institute of Fashion Drawing in Milan before honing his technical design skills at École de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne, the fashion trade association, in Paris.
He started his fashion career at two prominent Parisian haute couture houses, first at Jean Desss before moving to Guy Laroche.
He opened his own fashion house in Italy in 1959.
His early work had a heavy French influence with simple, clean designs and complex silhouettes and construction. His early work had blocked colour and more of a minimalist approach, before his Italian culture really came through later in his collections.
He achieved early success through his connections to the Italian film industry, including dressing Elizabeth Taylor fresh off her appearance in Cleopatra (1963).
Elizabeth Taylor wearing Valentino while dancing with Kirk Douglas at the party in Rome for the film Spartacus. [Photo: Keystone/Getty Images]
Valentino joined the world stage on his first showing at the Pritti Palace in Florence in 1962.
His most notable collection during that era was in 1968 with The White Collection, a series of A-line dresses and classic suit jackets. The collection was striking: all in white, while Italy was all about colour.
He quickly grew in international popularity. He was beloved by European celebrities, and an elite group of women who were willing to spend the moneythe dresses ran into the thousands of dollars.
In 1963, he travelled to the United States to attract Hollywood stars.
The Valentino woman
Valentinos wish was to make women beautiful. He certainly attracted the A-list celebrities to do so. The Valentino woman was one who would hold themselves with confidence and a lady-like elegance.
Valentino wanted to see women attract attention with his classic silhouettes and balanced proportions. Valentino dressed women such as Jackie Kennedy, Audrey Hepburn, Julia Roberts, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Anne Hathaway.
Anne Hathaway and Valentino Garavani attend the 2011 Oscars. [Photo: Fairchild Archive/Penske Media/Getty Images]
His aristocratic taste inherited ideas of beauty and old European style, rather than innovating with new trends. His signature style was formal designs that had the ability to quietly intimidateincluding the insatiable Valentino red.
Red was a signature colour of his collections. The colour provided confidence and romance, while not distracting away from the beauty of the woman.
French influence
Being French-trained, Valentino was well acquainted with the rules of couture.
With this expertise, he was one of the first Italian designers to be successful in France as an outsider with the launch of his first Paris collection in 1975. This Paris collection showcased more relaxed silhouettes with many layers, playing towards the casual nature of fashion.
A model in the Valentino Spring 1976 ready to wear collection walks the runway in Paris in 1975. [Photo: Fairchild Archive/WWD/Penske Media/Getty Images]
While his design base was in Rome, many of his collections were shown in Paris over the next four decades. His Italian culture mixed with the technicality of Parisian haute couture made Valentino the designer he was.
Throughout his career, his designs often maintained a classic silhouette bust, matched with a bold Italian colour or texture.
Unlike some designers today, Valentinos collections didnt change too dramatically each season. Instead, they continued to maintain the craftsmanship and high couture standards.
Quintessentially beautiful is often the description of Valentinos work however this devotion to high beauty standards has seen criticism of the industry. In 2007, Valentino defended the trend of very skinny women on runways, saying when girls are skinny, the dresses are more attractive.
Critics said his designs reinforce exclusion, gatekeeping fashion from those who dont conform to traditional beauty standards.
The Valentino runways only recently have started to feature more average sized bodies and expand their definition of beauty.
The $300 million sale of Valentino
The Valentino fashion brand sold for US$300 million in 1998 to Holding di Partecipazioni Industriali, with Valentino still designing until his retirement in 2007.
Valentino sold to increase the size of his brand: he knew without the support of a larger corporation surviving alone would be impossible. Since Valentinos retirement, the fashion house has continued under other creative directors.
Valentino will leave a lasting legacy as the Italian designer who managed to break through the noise of the French haute couture elite and make a name for himself.
The iconic Valentino red will forever be remembered for its glamour, and will live on with his legacy. A true Roman visionary with unmatched craftsmanship.
Jye Marshall is a lecturer of fashion design at the School of Design and Architecture at Swinburne University of Technology.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
