When I spoke at the Arabian Business Awards a few years ago, I showed a slide describing research that shows meetings literally make people dumber: a study published in Transcripts of the Royal Society of London found that meetings cause you to (during the meeting) lose IQ points.
A bunch of people in the audience took photos of that slide.
The same was true when I presented a slide describing research published in Journal of Business Research showing that not only do 90 percent of employees feel meetings are unproductive, but when the number of meetings is reduced by 40 percent employee productivity increases by 70 percent.
A bunch of people took photos of that slide, too.
Both findings seem easy to remember, if only because the research confirms what most people feel about meetings: Most of the time, the only person who thinks a meeting is important is the person who called the meeting. But what if you really wanted to remember that meetings tend to make participants dumber, and tend to negatively impact overall productivity?
Or, more broadly, have a better shot of remembering things you really want to remember? Dont take photos.
In a study published in Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of a variety of memory-boosting strategies: taking photos, typing notes, and writing notes by hand.
As you can probably guess, people who wrote notes by hand scored the highest on subsequent recall and comprehension tests, even when people who took photos or typed verbatim notes were allowed to review those items before they took the tests.
Or maybe you couldnt guess that: The researchers also found that learners were not cognizant of the advantages of longhand note-taking, but misjudged all three techniques to be equally effective.
So why does taking notes by hand work so well? According to the researchers:
Which makes sense. Taking a photo requires no mental participation at all. You dont have to consider, synthesize, decide how youll capture the information in shorthand, etc. Typing notes verbatim for example, transcribing a lecture or meeting recording is more of a process than a thought exercise. The focus is on accuracy, not retention. (I can type fast enough to capture everything someone says in real time, but that doesnt mean I remember any of it without reviewing what Ive typed.)
Maybe thats why Richard Branson carries a notebook everywhere he goes. (Literally: Ive seen him with one at least 10 times.) Summarizing, putting concepts or ideas in your own words, deciding not just what to write, but how to write it all those things engage different parts of your brain, and therefore improve your retention and recall.
Especially if you dont stop there. According to a study published in Psychological Science, people who study before bed, then sleep, and then do a quick review the next morning can not only spend less time studying, they also increase their long-term retention by 50 percent.
Try it. At night, take a quick look at notes youve written during the day. Take a few moments to remember not only what, but why: why youll use what you jotted down. When youll use it. Why it will make a difference in your professional or personal life. Then do a quick review the next morning.
Unless youre a compulsive note-taker, both exercises will take only a minute or two.
After all, if it was important enough to write down, its important enough to remember and more to the point, to do something with.
Because knowledge is useful only if you do something to make it useful.
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A February 9 blog post about AI, titled Something Big Is Happening, rocketed around the web this week in a way that reminded me of the golden age of the blogosphere. Everyone seemed to be talking about itthough as was often true back in the day, its virality was fueled by a powerful cocktail of adoration and scorn. Reactions ranged from Send this to everyone you care about to I dont buy this at all.
The author, Matt Shumer (who shared his post on X the following day), is the CEO of a startup called OthersideAI. He explained he was addressing it to my family, my friends, the people I care about who keep asking me so what’s the deal with AI? and getting an answer that doesn’t do justice to what’s actually happening.
According to Shumer, the deal with AI is that the newest modelsspecifically OpenAIs GPT-5.3 Codex and Anthropics Claude Opus 4.6are radical improvements on anything that came before them. And that AI is suddenly so competent at writing code that the whole business of software engineering has entered a new era. And that AI will soon be better than humans at the core work of an array of other professions: Law, finance, medicine, accounting, consulting, writing, design, analysis, customer service.
By the end of the post, with a breathlessness that reminded me of the Y2K bug doomsayers of 1999, Shumer is advising readers to build up savings, minimize debt, and maybe encourage their kids to become AI wizards rather than focus on college in the expectation it will lead to a solid career. He implies that anyone who doesnt get ahead of AI in the next six months may be headed for irrelevance.
The piecewhich Shumer told New Yorks Benjamin Hart he wrote with copious assistance from AIis not without its points. Some people who are blasé about AI at the moment will surely be taken aback by its impact on work and life in the years to come, which is why I heartily endorse Shumers recommendation that everyone get to know the technology better by devoting an hour a day to messing around with it. Many smart folks in Silicon Valley share Shumers awe at AIs recent ginormous leap forward in coding skills, which I wrote about last week. Wondering what will happen if its replicated in other fields is an entirely reasonable mental exercise.
In the end, though, Shumer would have had a far better case if hed been 70% less over the top. (I should note that the last time he was in the news, it was for making claims involving the benchmark performance of an AI model he was involved with that turned out not to be true.) His post suffers from a flaw common in the conversation about AI: Its so awestruck by the technology that it refuses to acknowledge the serious limitations it still has.
For instance, Shumer suggests that hallucinationAI stringing together sequences of words that sound factual but arentis a solved problem. He writes that a couple of years ago, ChatGPT confidently said things that were nonsense and that in AI time, that is ancient history.
Its true that the latest models dont hallucinate with anything like the abandon of their predecessors. But they still make stuff up. And unlike earlier models, their hallucinations tend to be plausible-sounding rather than manifestly ridiculous, which is a step in the wrong direction.
The same day I read Shumers piece, I chatted with Claude Opus 4.6 about newspaper comicsa topic I often use to assess AI since I know enough about it to judge responses on the flyand it was terrible about associating cartoonists with the strips they actually worked on. The more we talked, the less accurate it got. At least it excelled at acknowledging its errors: When I pointed one out, it told me, So basically I had fragments of real information scrambled together and presented with false confidence. Not great.
After botching another of my comics-related queries, Claude said, I’m actually getting into shaky territory here and mixing up some details, and asked me to help steer it in the right direction. Thats an intriguing glimmer of self-awareness about its own tendency to fantasize, and progress of a sort. But until AI stops confabulating, describing it as being smarter than most PhDs, as Shumer does, is silly. (I continue to believe that human capability is not a great benchmark for AI, which is already better than we are at some things and may remain permanently behind in others.)
Shumer also gets ahead of himself in his assumptions about where AI might be in the short-term future when it comes to being competently able to replace human thought and labor. Writing about the kind of complex work tasks he recommends throwing AIs way as an experiment, he says, If it even kind of works today, you can be almost certain that in six months it’ll do it near perfectly. That seems extraordinarily unlikely, given that all kinds of generative AI have been stuck in the kind-of-works era for years now. A decent rule of thumb: Dont believe AI will be able to do something well until it actually does.
Ultimately, the takeaway from Shumers post Ill remember most isnt anything he wrote. In the spirit of AI experimentation, I fed his piece to ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude with the prompt Give me an analysis/critique of this essay. Tell me whether its overly cautious, not cautious enough, what your own take is on the subjects discussed, etc. I was prepared for them all to respond with something facile but shallow, more a bullet-point summary than anything. ChatGPT and Gemini lived up to those expectations.
However, Claudes swing at the topicwhich it popped out in seconds, and you can read in its entirety herestartled me. It took issue with some of the same things about the piece that bothered me, but also raised other weaknesses I hadnt considered. I felt smarter after reading it, which still isnt what I expect from AI prose.
A few nuggets:
Coding is a uniquely favorable domain for AI the outputs are verifiable, the feedback loops are tight, the training data is abundant, and the environment is fully digital. Lawyering, medicine, and management involve ambiguity, institutional context, human relationships, regulatory accountability, and adversarial dynamics that are qualitatively different. He acknowledges this briefly and then waves it away.
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Yes, many people tried GPT-3.5 and wrote off the whole field. That’s a real problem. But plenty of serious, current users including people paying for the best models still encounter significant limitations: hallucination (reduced but not eliminated), brittleness on novel problms, inability to maintain coherent context over truly long projects, poor calibration about its own uncertainty, and difficulty with tasks requiring real-world grounding. Shumer treats all skepticism as outdated, which is intellectually dishonest.
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He also doesnt seriously engage with the possibility that the economic incentives might not play out as smoothly as AI can do the job, therefore the job disappears. Adoption friction is real. Liability concerns are real. Organizational inertia is real. The history of technology suggests that even transformative tools take much longer to restructure industries than the pure capability timeline would suggest. Electricity took decades to reshape manufacturing even after it was clearly superior to steam.
I think the underlying signal Shumer is pointing at is real. AI capabilities are improving faster than most people outside the industry appreciate, and the gap between public perception and current reality is genuinely large. He’s right that most people should be engaging with these tools more seriously than they are.
But I think the essay is doing a thing that’s very common in Silicon Valley: mistaking the potential trajectory for the inevitable trajectory, and compressing timelines based on vibes and extrapolation rather than grappling seriously with the many real-world frictions that slow adoption. The piece reads like it was written in the immediate emotional aftermath of being impressed by a new model release and those moments tend to produce overconfidence about pace.
To recap: In the same day that I found Claude Opus 4.6 writing something about Shumers piece that was not only coherent but insightful, it also devolved into a hallucinogenic fit. Thats just how AI is these days: amazing and terrible at the same time. Somehow, that reality is tough for many observers to accept. But any analysis that ignores it is at risk of badly misjudging what will come next.
Youve been reading Plugged In, Fast Companys weekly tech newsletter from me, global technology editor Harry McCracken. If a friend or colleague forwarded this edition to youor if you’re reading it on fastcompany.comyou can check out previous issues and sign up to get it yourself every Friday morning. I love hearing from you: Ping me at hmccracken@fastcompany.com with your feedback and ideas for future newsletters. I’m also on Bluesky, Mastodon, and Threads, and you can follow Plugged In on Flipboard.
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Once the king of the chicken sandwich, Popeyes faces a lot of competition for the crown these days.
Ascendant fried chicken hotspot Raising Canes exploded in growth last year, knocking off KFC to become the third most-popular fast food chicken chain in the U.S. behind Chick-fil-A and Popeyes. Meanwhile, upstarts like Daves Hot Chicken and Hangry Joes Hot Chicken & Wings are growing fast and eyeing a similar trajectory.
Popeyes once inspired feverish hordes and all-day lines for its top-selling chicken sandwich, but its been a rocky ride as of late. Popeyes parent company Restaurant Brands International (RBI) just reported its quarterly earnings, and In the last quarter, the chicken chains U.S. sales were down nearly 5%its fourth consecutive quarterly slide.
Other fast food brands under RBIs umbrella saw sales tick up during the same time period.
Beyond Popeyes Louisiana Kitchen, RBI also owns Burger King, Tim Hortons, and Firehouse Subs. With almost 20,000 locations, Burger King is RBIs biggest chain, dwarfing the 5,000 Popeyes locations around the globe.
Weve had weaker performance than wed like over the last few quarters, and thats why you saw us make the change in leadership, RBI CEO Josh Kobza said on the companys earnings call.
He noted the companys decision to bring former Burger King COO Peter Perdue in as Popeyes U.S. and Canada president. Popeyes also plans to triage its lowest-performing locations with targeted support, coaching visits and experience rallies for Popeyes restaurant general managers across the U.S.
Kobza said that Popeyes plans to double down on operations and narrow the focus back to chicken on the marketing and product side.
We know Popeyes is capable of much more and we’re taking decisive action to put the brand back on the right path while supporting our franchisees to deliver stronger results at the restaurant level, Kobza said.
Reviving Popeyes
In January, almost 20 Popeyes locations in George and Florida closed their doors after one of the chicken chains major operators declared bankruptcy. While Popeyes says that the majority of the 100-plus locations operated by franchisee Sailormen Inc. were profitable, borrowing rates, high inflation, and dwindling foot traffic contributed to the closures.
Popeyes insists that the closures dont reflect the broader brand, which is owned by quick-service restaurant conglomerate RBI. Perdue reportedly reassured other franchisees that Sailormens bankruptcy does not reflect the healthy unit economics that you are experiencing in your restaurants.
For Popeyes, the problem clearly isnt chicken. Persistent inflation continues to take a toll on the restaurant industry, but Americans are still opting for poultry on the go at Popeyes competitors like Raising Canes and Daves Hot Chicken. Traffic is down at fast food joints broadly too, but chicken restaurants lapped their lagging peers last year. For Popeyes, the problem is Popeyessomething the company seems well aware of right now.
Our performance this year reinforces a clear reality, Kobza said in the earnings report, noting the intense level of competition in the quick-service chicken game. At its core, the chicken business is a service business and winning requires consistent speed, accuracy and reliability in every restaurant every day.
Advertising in generative AI systems has become a fault line. Last month, OpenAI released that it would start running ads in ChatGPT. Speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, OpenAIs chief financial officer defended the introduction of ads inside ChatGPT, arguing that it is a way to democratize access to artificial intelligence, and that this decision is aligned with its mission: AGI for the benefit of humanity, not for the benefit of humanity who can pay.”
Within days, Anthropic fired back in a Super Bowl commercial, ridiculing the idea that ads belong inside systems people trust for advice, therapy, and decision-making. In some way, this is a spat about how each company is marketing itself. In another way, this debate echoes the debates about the early internet, but with far higher stakes.
The big question
The underlying question is not whether advertising generates revenue. It clearly does. But rather: is advertising the only viable way to fund AI at scale. And whether, if adopted, it will quietly dictate what these systems optimize for.
History offers a cautionary answer. The last several decades of online advertising has proven that when profit is decoupled from user value, incentives drift toward harvesting data and maximizing engagementthe variables that can be most easily measured and monetized.
That trade-off shaped everything in the internet economy. As advertising scaled, so did the incentives it created. Attention became a scarce resource. Personal information became currency.
What Google taught us
Googles founders themselves acknowledged this risk at the dawn of the modern web. In their 1998 Stanford paper, Sergey Brin and Larry Page warned that ad-funded search engines create inherent conflicts of interest, writing that such systems are biased towards the advertisers and away from the needs of the consumers, and that advertising incentives can encourage lower-quality results.
Despite this warning, the system optimized for what could be measured, targeted, and monetized at the expense of privacy, transparency, and long-term trust. These outcomes were not inevitable. They flowed from early design choices about how advertising worked, data moved, and influence was disclosed.
A pivotal moment
Artificial intelligence now finds itself at a similar pivotal moment, but under far greater economic pressure and with far higher stakes. It is worth noting, artificial intelligence is not cheap to run. OpenAI projected that it will burn through $115 billion by 2029. Like internet users, AI users are unwilling to pay for access, and advertising has historically allowed the internet, and businesses depending on it, to scale beyond paying users.
If advertising is going to fund AI, personal data cannot be the fuel that powers it. If conversations on an AI platform leak into targeting data, users will stop trusting it and will start viewing it as a surveillance tool. Furthermore, once personal data becomes currency, the system inevitably optimizes for extraction.
That does not mean future advertisers on these AI platforms would have to operate in the dark. Brands will still need to know that their spending delivers results, and that their messages target users aligned with their values. Its justifiable that brands need outcome measurement and contextual assurance.
The real problem
The irony in Anthropics critique is instructive. A Super Bowl commercial is itself a testament to advertisings enduring power as a form of communication and cultural signaling. Advertising is not the problem. Invisible incentives are.
The way to satisfy both consumer trust and business growth is to build the advertising ecosystem on open, inspectable systems so that influence can be seen, measured, and governed without requiring the collection or exploitation of personal data. Standards such as the Ad Context Protocol sets out to do exactly this.
This is the window in which profit can still be aligned with value. At stake is the difference between advertising as manipulation and advertising as sustainable and enduring market infrastructure. The ad-funded internet failed users not because it was free, but because its incentives were invisible. AI has the chance to do better. The choice is ours to make.
Public transit could be on the verge of getting a whole lot more efficient.
The Bay Area city of San Jose says it has improved public transportation by implementing an AI transit signal priority (TSP) system that makes its bus routes 20% faster and shortens ride times for passengers. An urban planning win, it also broadens the strategies available to other cities looking to improve their public transport.
TSP systems are programs that make traffic lights responsive and adaptable to public transportation in real time. They can extend a green light to give buses an extra second to make it through an intersection or shorten a red light so they don’t have to wait as long. It’s similar to the higher-urgency emergency vehicle preemption (EVP) system for first responders.
While EVP systems for ambulances, fire engines, and police cars can immediately change signals, TSP systems for buses or trains can only nudge them. The extra moments from those lower-priority nudges, though, can still make a meaningful difference in keeping buses operating on schedule.
“By helping buses move more efficiently through intersections, the technology reduces delays, improves on-time performance, and shortens wait times for riders,” a statement from the city read.
Cities have found other ways to reduce wait times for riders. AI lane enforcement that tickets vehicles driving in or blocking the bus lane cuts the number of illegally parked cars in a hurry. In London, buses have switched to contactless boarding, which led to improved boarding times.
A passenger boards a Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority bus. [Photo: VTA]
San Jose becomes one of several test cities
San Joses TSP was developed by Lyt, a Northern California transit software company. Its software interacts with a transit agency’s traffic manager center via a computer called Maestro.
Lyt’s system was piloted in San Jose beginning on just two Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA) bus routes in 2023; now it’s used for 24 routes. Federal and state funds paid for a majority of the project.
Lyt provided TSP software for buses in Portland, Oregon, in 2022 that reduced delays by 69%. Last September the company announced it would pilot its tech on four bus routes in Baltimore. Lyt did not respond to a request for comment.
Lyt’s TSP technology uses criteria like routing information, traffic conditions, and vehicle location to predictively keep buses running on time. The company pitches its system as better and more cost effective than the analog prioritization method of dash-mounted strobes on buses that beam infrared or optical lights to traffic pole equipment.
“Our cloud-based transit priority system takes the global picture of a route into account and uses machine learning to predict the optimal time to grant the green light to transit vehicles at just the right time,” Lyt founder and CEO Tim Menard said in a statement about the system when it expanded across more San Jose routes in 2023.
Public transit garners new public interest
City bus speeds have grown from being strictly transportation and infrastructure issues to something that resonates more broadly after New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani won last year’s election in part on a campaign promise to make city buses faster and free to ride.
Its a promise Mamdani’s office says he intends to keep, even after the federal Department of Transportation developed a proposal to stop its transit funding for any city that provides free bus service, according to Politicowhich represents a direct threat to the Mayors ambitious plans.
Nevertheless, smarter systems that give buses a few extra seconds to make it through an intersection could be the edge that makes public transportation in cities across the country faster and more reliable.
When Minnesota Timberwolves star Anthony Edwards steps onto the NBA All-Star court in Los Angeles with the leagues best players, there will be cameras following his every move.
But it wont just be NBC clocking the action. Edwardss own Three-Fifths Media will be there for his ongoing unscripted show, Year Six. Its the second season chronicling the daily grind of his NBA exploits, building on last years Year Five.
Three-Fifths Media started in 2019, with Justin Holland, Edwardss business partner and manager. They signed a production deal with Wheelhouse in 2024 to collaborate on projects like Year Six. So far, Three-Fifths has produced Serious Business, an unscripted show on Prime Video that challenges celebrities and athletes in their own domains, Year Five, and now Year Six, and the inaugural Believe That Awards, which aired in October on YouTube and had 167 million views across platforms in its first 48 hours. On the side, Edwards also produced a hip-hop album featuring heavyweights Pusha T, Quavo, and Wale.
The 24-year-old Edwards is methodically building his own content and entertainment business clearly influenced by the success some of his on-court heroes have had over the past decade, like Kevin Durant with Boardroom and LeBron James with Fulwell Entertainment (formerly the SpringHill Co.). Of course, there is no guaranteed blueprintwitness SpringHill’s financial struggles, despite strong productions, that led to its merger with Fulwell last year.
The two common threads among Three-Fifths Medias projects is that they shine a spotlight on a real and (largely) unfiltered Anthony Edwards, and are at least partly owned by the NBA star. Holland says thats not only at the core of their content, but the overall business strategy.
We’ve leaned into being authentic in every room we walk into, and prioritize ownership over exposure, says Holland, who has been working with Edwards since 2016. Not just looking for deals because of dollar amounts or because they’re cute, but also really leaning into brands that we really can take ownership in, allow us to keep that authenticity, and also look for opportunities where we can actually own our IP.
Just like Edwardss on-court career, its been an impressive start, and shows potential to help redefine athlete-owned media.
Believe That
Okay, picture this: A remake of the 2001 film Training Day, starring Timothée Chalamet as Ethan Hawkes character opposite NBA star Anthony Edwards in Denzel Washingtons spot.
It sounds crazy, obviously, but Chalamet and Edwards actually talked about it in October when Edwards awarded the actor his White Boy of the Year honor as part of the satirical Believe That Awards show.
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The show didnt feature a red carpet, nor was it drenched in celebritythough Chalamet and Candace Parker made Zoom appearances. It was shot in Edwardss actual basement, and had the feel of a Saturday night hang-out with him and his friends. That ability to seamlessly jump from highly produced work like Year Five, to more street-level, vlogger-style content is perhaps Edwardss biggest media strength.
You have guys that impact culture, and then you have guys that create, says Holland. Ant’s one of those guys that creates culture. So everything that we do, we’re intentional about not trying to follow the standard, and aim to actually be innovative in our creative process.
Theres a reason the vibe of hanging with Edwards and his friends permeates so much of his work (his best friend, Nick Maddox, stars in many of his Adidas spots) its because thats whats really happening.
It is actually pretty easy when you have a guy like Anthony and our crew, says Holland. We keep everything really tailored to our core group and just want to make sure that we continue to build from there.
Brand consistent
Holland says that, as a young up-and-coming NBA star, early in his career brands would try to fit him into their box or version of him they wanted. The work they’ve done with partners like Adidas, Sprite, Bose, and Prada represent those that have not only steered away from the old hold-the-product-and-smile approach, but encouraged Edwards to take ownership of the creative.
Most modern athletes will talk about authentic connection with both brands and fans, but tend to serve up only the most curated and choreographed version of it. What makes Edwards work most unique is how it makes fans feel a part of that inner circle, whether in a social post or a big time sneaker ad.
We try to stay away from just brand endorsements and we really like to be in business with people that really understand who we are and then actually want to collaborate with us, says Holland.
That translates to having Maddox starring in Adidas ads, or Edwardss brothers music featured in a Bose campaign. It also brings Edwardss natural affinity for trash talk to his brand work. Brands typically shy away from controversy, but Adidas has embraced Edwardss approach wholeheartedly.
They turned heads last year, launching his first signature shoe with ads that called out other pro shoe models and social media trolls by name. In a spot called Top Dog for his AE2 shoe, he beats video game caricatures of his biggest rivalsLuka Donèiæ, Victor Wembanyama, and Shai Gilgeous-Alexander, among others.
Holland says getting brand partners to embrace Edwardss authentic self was tougher at first, but the results speak for themselves. We talk to our partners about our overall picture, looking at it from a wide lens of how we want to operate, he says. Now those conversations are a lot easier. They see how we move and how the public actually reacts to the authenticity, and how it resonates, because it just makes all the work that much more relatable.
AI is upending business, our personal lives, and much more in betweenincluding the operation of the U.S. government. In total, The Washington Post reported 2,987 uses of AI across the executive branch last year, hundreds of which are described as high impact.
Some agencies have embraced the technology wholeheartedly. NASA has gone from 18 reported AI applications in 2024 to 420 in 2025; the Department of Health and Human Services, overseen by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., now reports 398 uses, up from 255 a year ago. The Department of Energy has seen a fourfold increase in AI usage, with a similar jump at the Commerce Department. Agencies were effectively given the green light in April 2025, when the White House announced it was eliminating barriers to AI adoption across the federal government. They appear to have taken that invitation seriously.
Those numbers may raise eyebrowsor trigger concern among observers worried about bias, hallucinations, and lingering memories of the chaotic AI-enabled government overhaul associated with the quasi-official Department of Government Efficiency during Elon Musks brief orbit near the center of power.
Its not clear using AI for most government tasks is necessary, or preferable to conventional software, cautions Chris Schmitz, a researcher at the Hertie School in Berlin. The digital infrastructure of the U.S. government, like that of many others, is a deeply suboptimal, dated, path-dependent patchwork of legacy systems, and using AI for quick wins is frequently more of a Band-Aid than a sustainable modernization.
Others who have worked at the center of government digital innovation argue that alarmism may be misplaced. In fact, they say, experimenting with AI can be a form of smart governanceif done carefully. Its become apparent that we never really properly moved government into the internet era, says Jennifer Pahlka, cofounder and chair of the board at the Recoding America Fund and former U.S. deputy chief technology officer under the Obama administration. “There have been real problems that have come out of that where government is just not meeting the needs of people in the way that it should.”
Pahlka believes that experimentation with AI in government is probably somewhat appropriate given how early we are in the generative AI era. Testing is necessary to understand whereand where notthe technology can improve operations. What you want, though, is ways of experimenting with this that gives you very clear and effective feedback loops, such that you are catching problems before it’s rolled out to large numbers of people or to have a large impact, she says.
Still, it is far from certain that AI systems will produce outcomes that serve all Americans equally. Denice Ross, executive fellow in applied technology policy at the University of California, Berkeley, warns that rigorous evaluation is essential. The way government would find out if a tool is doing what it’s supposed to for the American people is by collecting and analyzing data about how it performs, and the outcomes for different populations, says Ross, who served as chief data scientist in the White House from 2023 to 2024.
The core issue, she says, is whether a given system is actually helping the people its meant to serve, or whether some people [are] being left behind or harmed. The only way to know is to look closely at the data. That might mean discovering, for example, that a tool works fine for digitally fluent users but falls short for people without high-speed internet or for older Americans.
Public participation is also critical. Getting the conditions for legitimate government AI use right is hard, and this work by and large has not been done, the Hertie School’s Schmitz argues, noting that there has been no real democratic negotiation of the legal basis for automated decision-making or build-out of oversight structures, for example.
There are also reasons to be cautious about rushed or poorly structured AI deployments, including reported plans at the Department of Transportation to experiment with tools like Google Gemini. Philip Wallach, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, argues that while the government should be exploring how rapid advances in AI can serve the public, it must do so without sacrificing democratic accountability. The priority, he suggests, should be preserving accountable human judgment in government decision-making before momentum and political expediency crowd it out.
Looking at the governments overall AI strategy, Pahlka says she sees some grounds for cautious optimism. From what she can tell, many of the early efforts appear focused on applying AI to bureaucratic bottlenecks and process slowdowns where it could meaningfully boost productivity. If that focus holds, she suggests, the payoff could be pretty useful.
Still, she believes more care and attention to detail is neededsomething the Trump White House has not always demonstrated. What I’m not sure I see is a questioning of the processes themselves, she says, explaining that, in her view, thoughtful AI adoption requires asking whether a process should exist in its current form at allnot simply whether AI can accelerate one step within it.
That distinction matters because poorly implemented AI can have real consequences. Governments track record with large-scale technology deployments is uneven, and layering AI onto flawed systems could cause undue harm. We have consistently rolled out technology in government in ways that have harmed people because we do not have test and learn frameworks as the fundamental way of approaching these problems, Pahlka says.
If done right, however, the opportunity is significant. AI could help government function more effectively, and more equitably, for everyone.
No matter how much you like your coworkers, youre going to have some conflicts with them. Most of those conflicts involve differences of opinion or approach. A colleague may do something that irks you or causes difficulties for the work youre doing. While those conflicts may lead to tension for some period, you typically get beyond those difficulties and may even wind up with a closer relationship to them later.
But, there are some colleagues where anger hardens into resentment. That can cause real workplace problems, because youre going to have to engage with that colleague which can get in the way of a projects success. Plus, no matter how good you think you are at hiding your resentments, chances are your feelings for that person shine through in your engagements with them as well as your conversations about them.
Not only will those resentments make projects harder to do, they can also stand in the way of your success in your organization. After all, most promotions involve moving up in leadership. Companies like to promote individuals they think will bring people together rather than dividing them. Your resentments mark you as a source of division rather than unity.
So, how can you get over a resentment? After all, you cant just wave a magic wand and have your feelings go away.
Talk it out
The best strategy for dealing with resentments is to talk about it with your colleague. When someone has done something that continues to bother you, it can be valuable to clear the air. Conversations like this arent always an option, but if they are the can be quite effective in moving your relationship forward (even if they are uncomfortable in the moment).
Invite your colleague out for coffee. Your colleague might be surprised by this invitation, because (chances are) they know that you are annoyed at them. Let them know that what they did, how it affected you, and why you are still upset about it. Before you have that conversation, you should actually practice saying all of this so that you have words to describe it clearly. Dont wing it.
This strategy can be helpful for a few reasons. First, there are times where you say your grievance it out loud when practicing it and then realize that the problem here is you. That is, you may discover that you have been making a bigger deal out of something than it is worth.
Second, there are times when the other party doesnt realize the impact their actions had on you. This conversation may help them to better recognize the impact of what they do on others.
Third, this conversation is likely to help you to see the event from a different perspective. When you talk out a complicated interaction, you may find that the other persons actions were completely sensible from their perspective, while you had been feeling like they had bad intent.
Forgive (and forget)
Another powerful tool for dealing with resentment is to forgive the other person. That resentment youre carrying is fundamentally about your reaction to that person as a result of your reaction to them. When you see them or think about them, you are reminded of what they did, and the bad feeling wells up again.
When you forgive someone else, you are acknowledging what they did and the bad impact it had, and then you are accepting that action. Research suggests that forgiveness primarily benefits the forgiver. In particular, when you forgive someone, it dampens the negative emotions you experience later. It also makes some of the details of what the other person did less memorable. So, by forgiving the other person, you are taking an important step toward enabling that resentment to have less impact on your behavior in the future than it does now.
Look in the mirror
If you find yourself unable to talk with the other person or to forgive them, it is time to take a look at yourself. No matter how good a person you are or how much you strive to be a good colleague, you have probably had some moments where your actions harmed someone else.
Because you like to think of yourself as a good person, you probably focus less on your bad moments than on your good ones. As a result, you may not remember some of the times that your actions had a negative impact on others. When you call to mind a few instances of your own less-than-stellar behavior, it can sometimes open you up to forgiving someone else.
It can be particularly helpful if you think about times that other people have forgiven you for something you did. Imagine what your life would be like if everyone resented you for things you did in your worst moments. Recognize that your own career and success is owed in part to the willingness of others to forgive you.
Finally, just because you forgive someone or let go of a resentment doesnt mean you have to trust them blindly. If someone has treated you badly in the past and you are not convinced that they are reformed, you should still be vigilant when you work with them in the future. You can be careful in your engagements with a colleague while still treating them cordially and respectfully.
Marks & Spencer is one of the latest U.K. high-street brands to launch a skiwear collection. Even supermarket Lidl is in on the action, with items in its ski range priced at less than 5 pounds (roughly $6.75). This follows earlier moves by fast-fashion retailers such as Topshop, which launched SNO in the mid 2010s, and Zaras imaginatively titled Zara Ski collection, which launched in 2023.
Fast-fashion brand PrettyLittleThings Apres Ski edit (a collection of clothes chosen for a specific theme) tells potential shoppers that going skiing is not necessarily essential, which is good, because many of the products in the collection are listed as athleisure, not sportswear.
Its not just the high street. Kim Kardashians shapewear brand Skims has recently collaborated with the North Face and has dressed Team USA for the 2026 Winter Olympicsthough these are strictly designed to serve the athletes during downtime, not for the piste.
Alongside dedicated skiwear lines, the apres-ski aesthetic has become a recurring seasonal trend over recent years, expanding well beyond the slopes. You may have noticed the slew of ski-themed sweatshirts across the market. One of these, an Abercrombie & Fitch sweatshirt, went viral in January after a buyer noticed that the depicted resort was actually Val Thorens, Francenot Aspen, Colorado, as the text printed on the garment claimed.
View this post on Instagram A post shared by kt (@outdoorkatelyn)
It is not only the quality of ski-themed fashion products that is a cause for concern, but also those designed for the slope. Many of these high-street collections have received criticism from consumers, with some claiming that the garments are not fit for purpose. Meanwhile, many influencers have taken to social media to warn their followers to avoid skiing in garments from fast-fashion brands. Such were the complaints that Zara Ski reportedly renamed its products water resistant instead of waterproof.
These collections respond, in part, to a genuine need for womens sportswear that is practical, fashionable, and, most critically, affordable. Ski and performance wear in general is costly, and such collections being both fashionable and relatively low-cost make for an attractive prospect. And yet, if these garments are so poorly suited to skiing, then what are they for?
The visual allure of skiing
Despite sports playing a key role in challenging gender ideology and perceptions of female physicality, the perceived importance of femininity and how women look while doing sports has lingered. Images of sportswomen frequently fixate on gender difference and femininity is foregrounded over athleticism. Here, the glamorous image of skiing has much to account for.
Glamour relies on distance and difference to conjure a feeling of longing. For many, the novelty of eating fondue at 3,000 feet is out of reach, as is the ever-increasing price of a lift pass.
Throughout the 20th century, the glamour of skiing has been defined by womens fashion. In the 1920s, Vogue magazine featured illustrations of elongated skiing women on their covers. Designer Puccis aerodynamic one-piece ski suit premiered in Harpers Bazaar magazine in 1947, while Monclers ski anoraksphotographed on Jackie Kennedy in 1966gave birth to a vision of American ski cool. Changing ski fashions were recorded in photographer Slim Aaronss resort photography, capturing the leisure class on and off piste between the 1950s and 1980s.
[Image: Vogue Archive]
Womens fashionable skiwear has taken many forms since the activity first became popular in the 1920s. It was during this decade that skiing became a marker of affluence. Leather, gaberdine, fur, and wool were popular materials in early womens skiwear and were selected for their natural properties; water-repellence, insulation, breathability.
By the mid-century, womens skiwear became more focused on silhouette and excess fabric was considered unfeminine. Equally, skiwear gradually became more colourful, and in the fashion press women were even encouraged to match their lipstick to their ski ensemble. By the 1980s, skiwear aligned with the fashionable wedge silhouette; causing the shoulders of ski jackets to widen and salopettes (ski trousers with shoulder braces) to draw even tighter.
These historic developments parallel todays aesthetic ski trend where fashion and image arguably comes before function. For example, PrettyLittleThings models are photographed on fake slopes, holding vintage skis. The glamorous image of the skiing woman lies not only in the clothing but in her stasis. The suggestion is that ski culture does not necessarily require skiing at all: It may simply involve occupying the most visible terrace, Aperol in hand.
No wonder then, that so many fast-fashion ski lines for women are deeply impracticalthey appear designed less for physical exertion than for visual consumption. They sell women on the alluring glamour of skiing, while leaving them out in the cold.
There is an additional irony here: Climate change means that skiing is becoming increasingly exclusive. Lower-level resorts are closing as the snow line moves up, meaning fewer options and increased demand. In this sense, the image of skiing looks to become even more glamorous via increasing inaccessibility and therefore distance. Fast-fashion has a negative impact on the environment, and the ski aesthetic risks damaging the very thing it claims to celebrate.
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Tamsin Johnson is a PhD candidate in visual cultures at Nottingham Trent University.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Cmmons license. Read the original article.
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The conversation around energy use in the United States has become . . . electric. Everyone from President Donald Trump to the cohosts of Today show has been talking about the surging demand for, and rising costs of, electrons. Many people worry that utilities wont be able to produce enough power. But a report released today argues that the better question is: Can we use what utilities already produce more efficiently in order to absorb the coming surge?
A lot of folks have been looking at this from the perspective of, Do we need more supply-side resources and gas plants? said Mike Specian, utilities manager with the nonprofit American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, or ACEEE, who wrote the report. We found that there is a lack of discussion of demand-side measures.
When Specian dug into the data, he discovered that implementing energy-efficiency measures and shifting electricity usage to lower-demand times are two of the fastest and cheapest ways of meeting growing thirst for electricity. These moves could help meet much, if not all, of the nations projected load growth. Moreover, they would cost only halfor lesswhat building out new infrastructure would, while avoiding the emissions those operations would bring. But Specian also found that governments could be doing more to incentivize utilities to take advantage of these demand-side gains.
Energy efficiency and flexibility are still a massive untapped resource in the U.S., he said. As we get to higher levels of electrification, its going to become increasingly important.
The report estimated that by 2040, utility-driven efficiency programs could cut usage by about 8 percent, or around 70 gigawatts, and that making those cuts currently costs around $20.70 per megawatt. The cheapest gas-fired power plants now start at about $45 per kilowatt generated. While the cost of load shifting is harder to pin down, the report estimates moving electricity use away from peak hoursoften through time-of-use pricing, smart devices, or utility controlsto times when the grid is less strained and power is cheaper could save another 60 to 200 gigawatts of power by 2035. That alone would far outweigh even the most aggressive near-term projections for data center capacity growth.
Vijay Modi, director of the Quadracci Sustainable Engineering Laboratory at Columbia University, agrees that energy efficiency is critical but isnt sure how many easy savings are left to be had. He also believes that governments at every levelrather than utilitiesare best suited to incentivize that work. He sees greater potential in balancing loads to ease peak demand.
This is a big concern, he said, explaining that when peak load goes up, it could require upgrading substations, transformers, power lines, and a host of other distribution equipment. That raises costs and rates. Utilities, he added, are well positioned to solve this because they have the data needed to effectively shift usage and are already taking steps in that direction by investing in load management software, installing battery storage and generating electricity closer to end users with things like small-scale renewable energy.
It defers some of the heavy investment, said Modi. In turn, the customer also benefits.
Specian says that one reason utilities tend to focus on the supply side of the equation is that they can often make more money that way. Building infrastructure is considered a capital investment, and utilities can pass that cost on to customers, plus an additional rate of return, or premium, which is typically around 10 percent. Energy-efficiency programs, however, are generally considered an operating expense, which arent eligible for a rate of return. This setup, he said, motivates utilities to build new infrastructure rather than conserve energy, even if the latter presents a more affordable option for ratepayers.
Our incentives arent properly lined up, said Specian. State legislators and regulators can address this, he said, by implementing energy-efficiency resource standards or performance-based regulation. Decoupling, which separates a companys revenue from the amount of electricity it sells, is another tactic that many states are adopting.
Joe Daniel, who runs the carbon-free electricity team at the nonprofit Rocky Mountain Institute, has also been watching a model known as fuel cost sharing, which allows utilities and ratepayers to share any savings or added costs rather than passing them on entirely to customers. Its a policy that seems to make logical sense, he said. A handful of states across the political spectrum have adopted the approach, and of the people hes spoken with or heard from, Daniel said every consumer advocate, every state public commissioner, likes it.
The Edison Electric Institute, which represents all of the countrys investor-owned electric companies, told Grist that regardless of regulation, utilities are making progress in these areas. EEIs member companies operate robust energy-efficiency programs that save enough electricity each year to power nearly 30 million U.S. homes, the organization said in a statement. Electric companies continue to work closely with customers who are interested in demand response, energy efficiency, and other load-flexibility programs that can reduce their energy use and costs.
Because infrastructure changes happen on long timelines, its critical to keep pushing on these levers now, said Ben Finkelor, executive director of the Energy and Efficiency Institute at the University of California, Davis. The planning is 10 years out, he said, adding that preparing today could save billions in the future. Perhaps we can avoid building those baseload assets.
Specian hopes his report reaches legislatures, regulators, and consumers alike. Whoever reads it, he says the message should be clear.
By Tik Root
This article originally appeared in Grist.
Grist is a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Learn more at Grist.org.
