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Below, Chris Duffy shares five key insights from his new book, Humor Me: How Laughing More Can Make You Present, Creative, Connected, and Happy. Chris is a comedian, television writer, and the host of TEDs award-winning How to Be a Better Human podcast. Chris wrote for both seasons of Wyatt Cenacs Problem Areas on HBO, executive-produced by John Oliver. He is both a former fifth-grade teacher and a former fifth-grade student. Whats the big idea? Humor isnt just about being funny. When we notice, share, and even save the small absurdities of everyday life, laughter can make us more relatable, more curious, and better able to connect, think, and work together. Listen to the audio version of this Book Biteread by Chris himselfbelow, or in the Next Big Idea App. 1. People like you more if youre a little bit of a mess. Many of us spend so much energy and stress trying to get things to be perfect. I know I do. Ive wasted countless hours trying to hide my flaws from other people, especially strangers. But it turns out that not only is that a battle Im never going to win, but its counterproductive. One of my favorite studies had study subjects rate potential job candidates (who were secretly in on the experiment). When asked to rate high-performing candidates and average candidates, study participants preferred the high performers. No surprise there. But the highest-rated candidates of all were the high performers who had also just spilled coffee all over themselves before walking in the door. In other words, we want you to be able to do your job, but we dont mind if youre kind of a mess. In fact, we prefer it! Youre relatable. Now, Im not suggesting that you dump scalding hot coffee on yourself before your next high-stakes interview. But I am suggesting that being willing to openly acknowledge and laugh at your flaws and imperfections wont undermine your success, it will enhance it. Nobody likes a perfect goody two-shoes; everyone loves a person whos a bit of a mess but trying their best. 2. Looking for laughs can lead to big, serious ideas. Millions of people are alive today because of the discovery of penicillin. But when Alexander Fleming walked into the lab and saw penicillin for the first time, he didnt shout Eureka! Instead, he walked up to a dirty petri dish that had been left out overnight and said, Thats funny, before taking a culture of the mold. The idea of seeing something odd and funny and then investigating it has led to many breakthroughs. In fact, every year, hundreds of the worlds most brilliant thinkers converge in Cambridge, Massachusetts, for the Ig Nobel Prizes. If youre not already familiar with the Ig Nobels, theyre a lot like the Nobel Prizes. But instead of recognizing the most world-changing achievements in physics, chemistry, and peace, the Ig Nobels recognize the most hilarious discoveries of the year. Their slogan is Research that makes people laugh, then think. The idea of seeing something odd and funny and then investigating it has led to many breakthroughs. The winners are people who have published papers on things like constipated scorpions or what happens if you use a crash test dummy thats shaped like a moose. An international team won the Ig Nobel Prize in Literature for studying the sensations people feel when they repeat a single word many, many, many, many, many, many, many times. Or Georgia Tech scientists were awarded the Ig Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering a universal urination duration. Using fluid dynamics, they demonstrated that all mammals weighing over three kilograms take about twenty-one seconds to completely empty a full bladder. So why would actual Nobel Laureates and celebrated geniuses from around the world make time in their busy schedules to attend an event like this? For one, its fun. I attended the 2024 Ig Nobels, and it was hilarious and an absolute blast. But the Ig Nobels attract such a distinguished crowd for another reason as well! These people are smart enough to know that when it comes to big ideas, a laugh is never just a laugh. Following your sense of humor makes you pay more attention and be intellectually open to new, surprising insights and observations. 3. You dont have to be the center of attention to have a great sense of humor. I am a glutton for attention. I love talking to strangers, and I have built my career around happily getting up in front of crowds to share my thoughts. Im a tried-and-true extrovert. My wife, Mollie, on the other hand, is an introvert who would much rather be curled up at home with a good book than chatting with a neighbor on the bus. But heres the thing: Mollie has an incredible sense of humor! People often make the mistake of thinking that a sense of humor means youre at a party, in the middle of a large group, loudly telling a joke. In fact, it could just as easily be that you are on a walk alone when you notice an extremely chubby squirrel going to town on an acorn. The point is that youre bringing laughter into your daily life and enjoying the delightful absurdity of the world that you might otherwise have missed. People often make the mistake of thinking that a sense of humor means youre at a party, in the middle of a large group, loudly telling a joke. And if youre curious, Mollie really did see that jumbo squirrel having the time of its life. Even just hearing her report secondhand later in the day, I was clutching my sides too at that little squirrel feast. 4. If you want a group to work well together, try being like Abraham Lincoln. When Abraham Lincoln assembled his famous team of rivals, he had a cabinet full of brilliant statesmen. There was only one problem: They mostly hated each other, and they didnt particularly like him. So how did Honest Abe turn the group of rival politicians into a team? Lincolns answer was, in part, to laugh with them. To create a group identity with inside jokes, folksy anecdotes, and shared humor. Everyone who knew Lincoln knew he had no shortage of jokes. One contemporary said Lincolns jokes were as plenty as blackberries. And if theres one thing we know about blackberries, its that there are lots of them. Modern portrayals of Lincoln tend to paint him as a serious and tragic figure, for understandable reasons. But much of Lincolns skill as a politician and leader was his ability to connect with people by getting them laughing. Benjamin P. Thomas, a Lincoln scholar, wrote that Lincoln was ready with an instant witticism or retort under almost any circumstances. One excellent example of Lincolns humor is a joke he made about himself being ugly. During the Lincoln-Douglas debates, when he was accused of being two-faced, Lincoln responded, Honestly, if I were two-faced, would I be showing you this one? A very solid self-burn! Bob Mankoff, the former cartoon editor for The New Yorker, has long been interested in Lincolns humor. In an essay, he wrote that Lincoln was much more about laughingwith than laughing at. And when laughing at, it was often himself he was mocking. Much of Lincolns skill as a politician and leader was his ability to connect with people by getting them laughing. That Lincoln-style congeniality and empathy can help disarm detractors and create a more comfortable space for positive group dynamics to form. There are evolutionary reasons to suspect that this may be one of the earliest and most important functions of humor. Animal behavior experts have long observed that chimpanzees and other primates engage in an equivalent of human laughter. After laughing together, primates are often more relaxed and less aggressive. If it works for chimps, it might work for your colleagues at the office, too! 5. You can stockpile laughter in a file folder. If youre anything like me, you can instantly recall humiliating and embarrassing moments from decades ago. I will often be in the shower minding my own business when all of a sudden I have a vivid recollection of something horrifying, like the time I had a phone conversation with my crush in high school and it ended with her saying I dont think I have a crush on you anymore because you talk too much. Or when I was in one of my first ever big deal meetings with a TV executive, I told her I hated reality TV and then turned around to see a giant poster for the show Jersey Shore with her name listed as one of the producers. Its no challenge for me to give a vivid play-by-play of any one of thousands of cringeworthy interactions. But ask me to give you an equivalent retelling of the funniest jokes and best laughs Ive had, and it takes a lot more effort. We tend to forget the laughs and retain the skin-crawling mortification. But you can change that! Every time you find something that makes you laugh uncontrollably, write it down or find a way to experience it again. Maybe its a list on your computer of the online videos that make you cry tears of laughter, a jar full of Post-it notes with inside jokes from your marriage, or an album of the most hilariously bad photos youve ever taken of your kids or your friends. The form it takes isnt particularly important, but your ability to re-access a good laugh when you need it is. Every time you find something that makes you laugh uncontrollably, write it down or find a way to experience it again. When I interviewed the care team at a Hong Kong nursing home about the wildly successful humor program they had implemented, they told me that residents in the program had needed less pain medicine, felt more connected, and experienced an increase in life satisfaction. One of the biggest parts of their program was simply keeping a folder of writing, cartoons, images, and jokes that made them laugh and then sharing it with others. Thats a prescription that any of us can try, and theres no copay. Enjoy our full library of Book Bitesread by the authors!in the Next Big Idea App. This article originally appeared in Next Big Idea Club magazine and is reprinted with permission.
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Anthropic is undoubtedly having a moment right now. First came Claude Code, an AI-powered coding tool for developers, in early 2025, which quickly gained a cult following among that community. “You spent your holidays with your family? That’s nice I spent my holidays with Claude Code,” recently posted one tech-policy expert. But most people aren’t developers, let alone know their way around a command-line interface. So last week, Anthropic launched Claude Cowork, which the company calls “Claude Code for the rest of your work.” Available now as a research preview on Anthropics $100-per-month Max plan, Cowork is the best example of what “vibe coding“an AI-powered approach where people use natural language prompts to bring their software ideas to lifecan do. Designed for non-developers, its a desktop app that aims to help regular workers with all kinds of tasks, like organizing files or crunching data. Case in point: Anthropic’s new working agent was largely built by Claude itself, in just a week and a half. The memes write themselves. “Claude, here is a picture of my bank account. claude, make that number go up to $1 billion. make no mistakes,” one X user prompted. “Claude here is my life. all of it. down to the last detail. make me happy. beautiful. successful. make no mistakes,” another posted. “Claude, here are my notes where I keep all of my passwords. here are my bank account details and phone number for 2fa. run my life and make money, wrote another. Make no mistakes. While Claude might not be able to satisfy those demands (yet), AI is undoubtedly turning the workforce on its head. Research shows that 85% of employees globally are saving one to seven hours a week with AI. Yet, Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei warned that we could be “sleepwalking into a white-collar bloodbath,” with AI wiping out huge swathes of entry-level jobs in just one update. Software engineers in particular, have found themselves directly in the impact zone. Yea Im a full-stack engineer, one X user posted. Their stack: Claude, Terminal, and Cursor. But they arent alone. “Bankers, lawyers, and consultants looking at everyone else joining them in the unemployment line after the Claude Cowork release,” quipped another. In fact, no one is marked safe. “I’m assembling a team,” wrote one X user alongside an image of a company leadership team with Claude in every C-suite role. A follow-up post read “just got kicked out of my own company.” “Got told I was ‘slowing everyone down.'” Despite the discourse, data currently shows that theres little evidence for actual AI-caused displacement in the job market. For now, well at least have the popcorn ready for the memes that just wont quit.
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Eighteen months ago, it was plausible that artificial intelligence might take a different path than social media. Back then, AIs development hadnt consolidated under a small number of big tech firms. Nor had it capitalized on consumer attention, surveilling users, and delivering ads. Unfortunately, the AI industry is now taking a page from the social media playbook and has set its sights on monetizing consumer attention. When OpenAI launched its ChatGPT Search feature in late 2024 and its browser, ChatGPT Atlas, in October 2025, it kicked off a race to capture online behavioral data to power advertising. Its part of a yearslong turnabout by OpenAI, whose CEO Sam Altman once called the combination of ads and AI unsettling and now promises that ads can be deployed in AI apps while preserving trust. The rampant speculation among OpenAI users who believe they see paid placements in ChatGPT responses suggests they are not convinced. In 2024, AI search company Perplexity started experimenting with ads in its offerings. A few months after that, Microsoft introduced ads to its Copilot AI. Googles AI Mode for search now increasingly features ads, as does Amazons Rufus chatbot. As a security expert and data scientist, we see these examples as harbingers of a future where AI companies profit from manipulating their users behavior for the benefit of their advertisers and investors. Its also a reminder that time to steer the direction of AI development away from private exploitation and toward public benefit is quickly running out. The functionality of ChatGPT Search and its Atlas browser is not really new. Meta, commercial AI competitor Perplexity, and even ChatGPT itself have had similar AI search features for years, and both Google and Microsoft beat OpenAI to the punch by integrating AI with their browsers. But OpenAIs business positioning signals a shift. We believe the ChatGPT Search and Atlas announcements are worrisome because there is really only one way to make money on search: the advertising model pioneered ruthlessly by Google. Advertising model Ruled a monopolist in U.S. federal court, Google has earned more than US$1.6 trillion in advertising revenue since 2001. You may think of Google as a web search company, or a streaming video company (YouTube), or an email company (Gmail), or a mobile phone company (Android, Pixel), or maybe even an AI company (Gemini). But those products are ancillary to Googles bottom line. The advertising segment typically accounts for 80% to 90% of its total revenue. Everything else is there to collect users data and direct users attention to its advertising revenue stream. After two decades in this monopoly position, Googles search product is much more tuned to the companys needs than those of its users. When Google Search first arrived decades ago, it was revelatory in its ability to instantly find useful information across the still-nascent web. In 2025, its search result pages are dominated by low-quality and often AI-generated content, spam sites that exist solely to drive traffic to Amazon salesa tactic known as affiliate marketingand paid ad placements, which at times are indistinguishable from organic results. Plenty of advertisers and observers seem to think AI-powered advertising is the future of the ad business. Big Techs AI advertising plans are shaking up the industry. Highly persuasive Paid advertising in AI search, and AI models generally, could look very different from traditional web search. It has the potential to influence your thinking, spending patterns, and even personal beliefs in much more subtle ways. Because AI can engage in active dialogue, addressing your specific questions, concerns, and ideas rather than just filtering static content, its potential for influence is much greater. Its like the difference between reading a textbook and having a conversation with its author. Imagine youre conversing with your AI agent about an upcoming vacation. Did it recommend a particular airline or hotel chain because they really are best for you, or does the company get a kickback for every mention? If you ask abou a political issue, does the model bias its answer based on which political party has paid the company a fee, or based on the bias of the models corporate owners? There is mounting evidence that AI models are at least as effective as people at persuading users to do things. A December 2023 meta-analysis of 121 randomized trials reported that AI models are as good as humans at shifting peoples perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. A more recent meta-analysis of eight studies similarly concluded there was no significant overall difference in persuasive performance between (large language models) and humans. This influence may go well beyond shaping what products you buy or who you vote for. As with the field of search engine optimization, the incentive for humans to perform for AI models might shape the way people write and communicate with each other. How we express ourselves online is likely to be increasingly directed to win the attention of AIs and earn placement in the responses they return to users. A different way forward Much of this is discouraging, but there is much that can be done to change it. First, its important to recognize that todays AI is fundamentally untrustworthy, for the same reasons that search engines and social media platforms are. The problem is not the technology itself; fast ways to find information and communicate with friends and family can be wonderful capabilities. The problem is the priorities of the corporations who own these platforms and for whose benefit they are operated. Recognize that you dont have control over what data is fed to the AI, who it is shared with and how it is used. Its important to keep that in mind when you connect devices and services to AI platforms, ask them questions, or consider buying or doing the things they suggest. There is also a lot that people can demand of governments to restrain harmful corporate uses of AI. In the U.S., Congress could enshrine consumers rights to control their own personal data, as the EU already has. It could also create a data protection enforcement agency, as essentially every other developed nation has. Governments worldwide could invest in Public AImodels built by public agencies offered universally for public benefit and transparently under public oversight. They could also restrict how corporations can collude to exploit people using AI, for example, by barring advertisements for dangerous products such as cigarettes and requiring disclosure of paid endorsements. Every technology company seeks to differentiate itself from competitors, particularly in an era when yesterdays groundbreaking AI quickly becomes a commodity that will run on any kids phone. One differentiator is in building a trustworthy service. It remains to be seen whether companies such as OpenAI and Anthropic can sustain profitable businesses on the back of subscription AI services like the premium editions of ChatGPT, Plus, and Pro, and Claude Pro. If they are going to continue convincing consumers and businesses to pay for these premium services, they will need to build trust. That will require making real commitments to consumers on transparency, privacy, reliability, and security that are followed through consistently and verifiably. And while no one knows what the future business models for AI will be, we can be certain that consumers do not want to be exploited by AI, secretly or otherwise. Bruce Schneier is an adjunct lecturer in public policy at Harvard Kennedy School. Nathan Sanders is an affiliate at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
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