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U.S. President Donald Trump and his NATO counterparts are due to gather Tuesday for a summit that could unite the world’s biggest security organization around a new defense spending pledge or widen divisions among the 32 allies.Just a week ago, things had seemed rosy. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte was optimistic the European members and Canada would commit to invest at least as much of their economic growth on defense as the United States does for the first time.Then Spain rejected the new NATO target for each country to spend 5% of its gross domestic product on defense needs, calling it “unreasonable.” Trump also insists on that figure. The alliance operates on a consensus that requires the backing of all 32 members.The following day, Trump said the U.S. should not have to respect the goal.“I don’t think we should, but I think they should,” he said. Trump lashed out at Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez’s government, saying: “NATO is going to have to deal with Spain. Spain’s been a very low payer.” He also criticized Canada as “a low payer.”Spain was the lowest spender in the alliance last year, directing less than 2% of its GDP on defense expenditure, while Canada was spending 1.45%, according to NATO figures.Then Trump ordered the bombing of nuclear installations in Iran. In 2003, the U.S.-led war on Iraq deeply divided NATO, as France and Germany led opposition to the attack, while Britain and Spain joined the coalition.European allies and Canada also want Ukraine to be at the top of the summit agenda, but they are wary that Trump might not want President Volodymyr Zelenskyy to steal the limelight. A short summit, decades of mutual security The two-day summit in The Hague involves an informal dinner Tuesday and one working session Wednesday morning. A very short summit statement has been drafted to ensure the meeting is not derailed by fights over details and wording.Indeed, much about this NATO summit is brief, even though ripples could be felt for years.Founded in 1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed by 12 nations to counter the threat to security in Europe posed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War, notably via a strong U.S. presence on the continent.Dealing with Moscow is in its DNA. Keeping the peace outside the Euro-Atlantic area is not.NATO’s ranks have grown to 32 countries since the Washington Treaty was signed 75 years ago. Sweden joined last year, worried by an increasingly aggressive Russia.NATO’s collective security guaranteeArticle 5 of the treatyunderpins its credibility.It’s a political commitment by all countries to come to the aid of any member whose sovereignty or territory might be under attack. Trump has suggested he is committed to that pledge, but he has also sowed doubt about his intentions. He has said the U.S. intends to remain a member of the alliance. A civilian runs NATO, but the U.S. and its military hold power The United States is NATO’s most powerful member. It spends much more on defense than any other ally and far outweighs its partners in terms of military muscle. Washington has traditionally driven the agenda but has stepped back under Trump.The U.S. nuclear arsenal provides strategic deterrence against would-be adversaries.NATO’s day-to-day work is led by Rutte, a former Dutch prime minister.As its top civilian official, he chairs almost weekly meetings of ambassadors in the North Atlantic Council at its Brussels headquarters. He chairs other “NACs” at ministerial and leader levels. Rutte runs NATO headquarters, trying to foster consensus and to speak on behalf of all members.NATO’s military headquarters is based nearby in Mons, Belgium. It is always run by a top U.S. officer. Ukraine’s role at the summit is unclear With Trump demanding greater defense spending, it’s unclear what role Ukraine will play at the summit. Zelenskyy has been invited, but it’s unclear whether he will have a seat at NATO’s table, although he may take part in Tuesday’s dinner. Russia’s war in Ukraine usually dominates such meetings.More broadly, NATO itself is not arming Ukraine. As an organization, it possesses no weapons of any kind. Collectively, it provides only non-lethal supportfuel, combat rations, medical supplies, body armor, and equipment to counter drones or mines.But individually, members do send arms. European allies provided 60% of the military support that Ukraine received in 2024. NATO coordinates those weapons deliveries via a hub on the Polish border and helps organize training for Ukrainian troops. NATO’s troop plans A key part of the commitment for allies to defend one another is to deter Russia, or any other adversary, from attacking in the first place. Finland and Sweden joined NATO recently because of this concern.Under NATO’s new military plans, 300,000 military personnel would be deployed within 30 days to counter any attack, whether it be on land, at sea, by air or in cyberspace. But experts doubt whether the allies could muster the troop numbers.It’s not just about troop and equipment numbers. An adversary would be less likely to challenge NATO if it thought the allies would use the forces it controls. Trump’s threats against U.S. alliesincluding imposing tariffs on themhas weakened that deterrence. The U.S. is carrying the biggest military burden Due to high U.S. defense spending over many years, the American armed forces have more personnel and superior weapons but also significant transportation and logistics assets.Other allies are starting to spend more, though. After years of cuts, NATO members committed to ramp up their national defense budgets in 2014 when Russia illegally annexed Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula.After Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the NATO allies agreed to make 2% of GDP the minimum spending level. Last year, 22 countries were expected to hit that target, up from only three a decade ago.In The Hague, the allies were expected to up the ante to 3.5%, plus a further 1.5% for things like improving roads, bridges, ports and airfields or preparing societies to deal with future conflicts. Whether they will now remains an open question. Lorne Cook, Associated Press
Category:
E-Commerce
Tesla deployed a small group of self-driving taxis picking up paying passengers on Sunday in Austin, Texas, with CEO Elon Musk announcing the “robotaxi launch” and social-media influencers posting videos of their first rides. The event marked the first time Tesla cars without human drivers have carried paying riders, a business that Musk sees as crucial to the electric car maker’s financial future. He called the moment the “culmination of a decade of hard work” in a post on his social-media platform X and noted that “the AI chip and software teams were built from scratch within Tesla.” Teslas were spotted early Sunday in a neighborhood called South Congress with no one in the driver’s seat but one person in the passenger seat. The automaker planned a small trial with about 10 vehicles and front-seat riders acting as “safety monitors,” though it remained unclear how much control they had over the vehicles. In recent days, the automaker sent invites to a select group of influencers for a carefully monitored robotaxi trial in a limited zone. The rides are being offered for a flat fee of $4.20, Musk said on X. Tesla investor and social-media personality Sawyer Merritt posted videos on X Sunday afternoon showing him ordering, getting picked up and taking a ride to a nearby bar and restaurant, Frazier’s Long and Low, using a Tesla robotaxi app. If Tesla succeeds with the small deployment, it still faces major challenges in delivering on Musk’s promises to scale up quickly in Austin and other cities, industry experts say. It could take years or decades for Tesla and self-driving rivals, such as Alphabet’s Waymo, to fully develop a robotaxi industry, said Philip Koopman, a Carnegie Mellon University computer-engineering professor with expertise in autonomous-vehicle technology. A successful Austin trial for Tesla, he said, would be “the end of the beginning not the beginning of the end.” Most of Tesla’s sky-high stock value now rests on its ability to deliver robotaxis and humanoid robots, according to many industry analysts. Tesla is by far the world’s most valuable automaker. As Tesla’s robotaxi-rollout date approached, Texas lawmakers moved to enact autonomous-vehicle rules. Texas Governor Greg Abbott, a Republican, on Friday signed legislation requiring a state permit to operate self-driving vehicles. The law, which takes effect September 1, signals that state officials from both parties want the driverless-vehicle industry to proceed cautiously. Tesla did not respond to requests for comment. The governor’s office declined to comment. “EASY TO GET, EASY TO LOSE” The law softens the state’s previous anti-regulation stance on autonomous vehicles. A 2017 Texas law specifically prohibited cities from regulating self-driving cars. The new law requires autonomous-vehicle operators to get approval from the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles before operating on public streets without a human driver. It gives state authorities the power to revoke permits for operators they deem a public danger. The law also requires firms to provide information on how first responders can deal with their driverless vehicles in emergency situations. The law’s permit requirements for an “automated motor vehicle” are not onerous but require firms to attest their vehicles can operate legally and safely. It defines an automated vehicle as having at least “Level 4” autonomous-driving capability under a recognized standard, meaning it can operate with no human driver under specified conditions. Level 5 autonomy is the top level and means a car can drive itself anywhere, under any conditions. Compliance remains far easier than in some states, notably California, which requires submission of vehicle-testing data under state oversight. Bryant Walker Smith, a University of South Carolina law professor who focuses on autonomous driving, said it appears any company that meets minimum application requirements will get a Texas permit but could also lose it if problems arise. “California permits are hard to get, easy to lose,” he said. “In Texas, the permit is easy to get and easy to lose.” MUSK’S SAFETY PLEDGES The Tesla robotaxi rollout comes after more than a decade of Musk’s unfulfilled promises to deliver self-driving Teslas. Musk has said Tesla would be “super paranoid” about robotaxi safety in Austin, including operating in limited areas. The service in Austin will have other restrictions as well. Tesla plans to avoid bad weather, difficult intersections, and will not carry anyone below age 18. Commercializing autonomous vehicles has been risky and expensive. GM’s Cruise was shut down after a serious accident. Regulators are closely watching Tesla and its rivals, Waymo and Amazon’s Zoox. Tesla is also bucking the young industry’s standard practice of relying on multiple technologies to read the road, using only cameras. That, Musk says, will be safe and much less expensive than lidar and radar systems added by rivals. Norihiko Shirouzu and Abhirup Roy
Category:
E-Commerce
Buy now, pay later (BNPL) payment options are increasingly popular, particularly among young consumers. A recent survey from J.D. Power shows that 42% of millennials and Gen Z actively use BNPL loans to make purchases. But BNPL loans have not been incorporated by major credit scoring companies, meaning that lenders attempting to size up borrowers and make lending decisions have had a blind spot regarding these debts. Until now, that is. FICO, one of the leading credit scoring companies, announced on Monday that it has launched FICO Score 10 BNPL and FICO Score 10 T BNPL, two new scores that incorporate buy now, pay later data. Lenders utilizing these scores can now get a more complete picture of a borrowers background, potentially leading to more informed lending decisions. And for borrowers, it may mean a better credit score, especially for those who have responsibly used BNPL services in the past. We want to make sure that were looking at data that will enable lenders that use the FICO score to have the clearest picture, says Julie May, vice president and general manager of B2B Scores at FICO. This is a product thats been growing rapidly, and we think it’s important to be groundbreaking in this approach. It can really drive financial inclusion, she adds. Frequently, people use BNPL, and if represented in credit scores, can drive more creditworthiness. Most scores increase, according to FICO’s research Earlier this year, FICO published the results of a yearlong analysis done in tandem with BNPL company Affirm. Simulating the impact of BNPL data on FICO scores, the analysis found that Affirm customers with multiple BNPL loans would most likely see their scores increase. Whats groundbreaking and exciting about these new scores is that theyre going to allow those younger consumers to build credit and build their FICO score, says Ethan Dornhelm, vice president of FICO Scores and Predictive Analytics. For borrowers who have blemished, limited, or no credit history, with the inclusion of BNPL data, borrowers are likely to see a benefit in their scores. As FICO is preparing to launch the new scoreswhich are expected to be available to lenders later this yearit may mark something of a change in strategy, too. While many borrowers may have initially been attracted to BNPL loans due to concerns about their own creditworthiness (and potential inability to secure a line a credit, accordingly), BNPL loans may now look more like a credit-enhancing product, rather than an offering of last resort. One of the early selling points for BNPL firms was that they were not sharing data with the credit bureaus, Ben Danner, senior analyst, credit and commercial at Javelin Strategy & Research, told PaymentsJournal earlier this year. The idea was that this lack of sharing would be attractive to consumers, particularly those concerned with their credit scores. He continued: However, with potential regulatory changes on the horizon, it makes sense for BNPL vendors to pivot towards a strategy that markets these loans as a credit enhancement tool.
Category:
E-Commerce
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