The Education Department will begin collection next month on student loans that are in default, including the garnishing of wages for potentially millions of borrowers, officials said Monday.Currently, roughly 5.3 million borrowers are in default on their federal student loans.The Trump administration’s announcement marks an end to a period of leniency that began during the COVID-19 pandemic. No federal student loans have been referred for collection since March 2020, including those in default. Under President Joe Biden, the Education Department tried multiple times to give broad forgiveness of student loans, only to be stopped by courts.“American taxpayers will no longer be forced to serve as collateral for irresponsible student loan policies,” Education Secretary Linda McMahon said.Beginning May 5, the department will begin involuntary collection through the Treasury Department’s offset program, which withholds government paymentsincluding tax refunds, federal salaries and other benefitsfrom people with past-due debts to the government. After a 30-day notice, the department also will begin garnishing wages for borrowers in default.The decision to send debt to collections drew criticism from advocates, who said borrowers had experienced whiplash and confusion with the changing student loan policies between the Biden and Trump administrations.“This is cruel, unnecessary and will further fan the flames of economic chaos for working families across this country,” said Mike Pierce, executive director of the Student Borrower Protection Center.Already, many borrowers have been bracing for obligations coming due.In 2020, President Donald Trump paused federal student loan payments and interest accrual as a temporary relief measure for student borrowers. The pause in payments was extended multiple times by the Biden administration through 2023, and a final grace period for loan repayments ended in October 2024. That meant tens of millions of Americans had to start making payments again.Borrowers who don’t make payments for nine months go into default, which is reported on their credit scores and can go to collections.Along with the borrowers already in default, around another four million are 91 to 180 days late on their loan payments. Less than 40% of all borrowers are current on their student loans, department officials said.Layoffs at the Federal Student Aid office at the Education Department have made it harder for students to get their questions answered, even if they wanted to pay their loans, said Kristin McGuire, executive director for Young Invincibles, a group that focuses on economic security for younger adults.And questions are swirling about certain income-driven repayment programs after a February court ruling blocked some of the payment plans. Borrowers in the more lenient, Biden-era SAVE Plan were placed in forbearance, in which borrowers receive relief from payments but still accrue interest. The Education Department in February took down applications for income-driven repayment programswhich tie a monthly payment to a person’s income levelonly to bring them back online a month later.“Things are really difficult to understand right now. Things are changing every day,” McGuire said. “We can’t assume that people are in default because they don’t want to pay their loans. People are in default because they can’t pay their loans and because they don’t know how to pay their loans.”For borrowers in default, one step to avoid wage garnishment is to get into loan rehabilitation, said Betsy Mayotte, president of The Institute for Student Loan Advisors.Borrowers must ask their loan servicer to be placed into such a program. Typically, servicers ask for proof of income and expenses to calculate a payment amount. Once a borrower has paid on time for nine months in a row, they are taken out of default, Mayotte said. A loan rehabilitation can only be done once.Biden oversaw the cancellation of student loans for more than 5 million borrowers. Despite the Supreme Court’s rejection of his signature proposal for broad relief, he waived more than $183.6 billion in student loans through expanded forgiveness programs.In her statement Monday, McMahon said Biden had gone too far.“Going forward, the Department of Education, in conjunction with the Department of Treasury, will shepherd the student loan program responsibly and according to the law, which means helping borrowers return to repaymentboth for the sake of their own financial health and our nation’s economic outlook,” she said.
Associated Press writer Adriana Morga in New York contributed to this report.
The Associated Press’ education coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. AP is solely responsible for all content. Find AP’s standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.
Annie Ma AP, Education Writer
Pope Francis will be laid to rest Saturday after lying in state for three days in St. Peter’s Basilica, where the faithful are expected to flock to pay their respects to history’s first Latin American pontiff.The cardinals met Tuesday in the Vatican’s synod hall to chart the next steps before a conclave begins to choose Francis’ successor, as condolences poured in from around the world. According to current norms, the conclave must begin between May 5 and 10.The cardinals set the funeral for Saturday at 10 a.m. in St. Peter’s Square, to be celebrated by the dean of the College of Cardinals, Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. U.S. President Donald Trump said he and first lady Melania Trump plan to attend, and Argentine President Javier Milei is also expected.The Argentine pope died Monday at age 88 after a stroke put him in a coma and led his heart to fail. He had been recovering in his apartment after being hospitalized for five weeks with pneumonia. He made his last public appearance Sunday, delivering an Easter blessing and greeting followers from his popemobile, looping around St. Peter’s Square.His Easter appearance from the same loggia where he was introduced to the world as the first pope from the Americas on March 13, 2013, was a fitting bookend to a 12-year papacy that sought to shake up the church and return it to its Gospel-mandated mission of caring for the poorest.
Vatican officials remember Francis
“He truly gave everything he had, up to the end,” said Sister Nathalie Becquart, one of the highest-ranking women at the Vatican.While the ordinary faithful will have an opportunity to pay their respects beginning Wednesday, Vatican officials were allowed to say their goodbyes starting Monday evening. Speaking to reporters after she paid her respects, Becquart marveled at Francis’ final Easter salute to his flock. “He really walked with his people,” she said.Italian Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi said it was specifically Francis’ effort to promote the role of women in the church that will be one of his greatest legacies. Ravasi noted that Francis chose to be buried near his favorite icon of the Madonna, in a basilica across town, and not in the grottoes underneath St. Peter’s, as is typical for popes.“He wanted to be buried under the shadow of a woman, in this case Maria,” said Ravasi, the Vatican’s former culture minister as he arrived for Tuesday’s first meeting of cardinals. “That is significant, his desire for the church to do more for women.”The first images of Francis’ body were released Tuesday, showing him in red vestments and his bishop’s miter in a wooden casket, with the Vatican secretary of state praying over him in the chapel of the Domus Santa Marta hotel where he lived and died.In his final will, Francis said he wanted to be buried at St. Mary Major Basilica, which is home to the Salus Populi Romani icon of Mary. Before and after every foreign trip, Francis would go to the basilica to pray before the Byzantine-style painting that features an image of Mary, draped in a blue robe, holding the infant Jesus, who in turn holds a jeweled golden book.Francis stopped by the basilica on his way home from the Gemelli hospital on March 23, after his 38-day stay, to deliver flowers to be placed before the icon. He returned April 12 to pray before it one last time.
The world reacts
Bells tolled in chapels, churches and cathedrals around the world and flags flew at half-staff in Italy, India, Taiwan and the U.S. after Francis’ death was announced by the camerlengo, who takes charge of the Vatican after a pope’s death. Soccer matches in Italy and Argentina were suspended in honor of the pope who was a lifelong fan of the San Lorenzo soccer club.World leaders praised Francis for his moral leadership and compassion, while ordinary faithful remembered his simplicity and humanity.“Like every Argentine, I think he was a rebel,” said 23-year-old Catalina Favaro, who had come to pay her respects in the Buenos Aires church where Francis discovered his priestly vocation. “He may have been contradictory, but that was nice, too.”In East Timor, where Francis’ final outdoor Mass drew nearly half of the population last September, President Jose Ramos-Horta praised Francis’ courage. “Pope Francis was a brave man who was not afraid to speak out against the rulers of the world who seek war, but do not want to seek peace,” Ramos-Horta said.“He challenged the powerful to act with justice, called nations to welcome the stranger, and reminded us that our common home this Earth is a gift we must protect for future generations,” said Nigerian President Bola Tinubu, who is Muslim. Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country and has around 30 million Catholics, representing about 14% of the population.
Viewing the pope’s coffin
The pope’s formal apartments in the Apostolic Palace and in the Santa Marta hotel were sealed Monday evening, following a centuries-old ritual. Cardinal Kevin Farrell, who as camerlengo had the task of announcing the death and confirming it once the cause was determined, presided over the rituals.Francis chose not to live in the palace, but in a two-room suite in Santa Marta on the other side of Vatican City. He died there and his body was transferred to the hotel chapel in the lobby, where the private viewing was underway Tuesday for Vatican officials and members of the pontifical household.In changes made by Francis last year, his body was not placed in three wooden coffins, as it had been for previous popes. Rather, Francis was placed in a simplified wooden coffin with a zinc coffin inside.Once in St. Peter’s, his casket will not be put on an elevated bier as was the case with past popes but will just be be placed simply facing the pews, with the Paschal candle nearby.“He was a pope who didn’t change his path when it came to getting (his hands) dirty,” Francis’ vicar for Rome, Cardinal Baldassarre Reina, said in a Mass in his honor. “For him, poor people and migrants were the sacrament of Jesus.”
Choosing the next pope
After the funeral, there are nine days of official mourning, known as the “novendiali.” During this period, cardinals arrive in Rome and meet privately before the conclave.To give everyone time to assemble, the conclave must begin 15 to 20 days after the “sede vacante” the “vacant See” is declared, although it can start sooner if the cardinals agree.Once the conclave begins, cardinals vote in secret sessions in the Sistine Chapel. After voting sessions, the ballots are burned in a special stove. Black smoke indicates that no pope has been elected, while white smoke indicates that the cardinals have chosen the next head of the Catholic Church.The one who has secured two-thirds of the votes wins. If he accepts, his election is announced by a cardinal from the loggia of St. Peter’s Basilica who tells the world: “Habemus Papam” Latin for “We have a pope.”
Associated Press reporters Paolo Santalucia and Silvia Stellacci contributed.
Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the AP’s collaboration with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content.
Nicole Winfield and Colleen Barry, Associated Press
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published a recall notice that warns consumers to dispose of a certain brand of mushrooms, which have the potential to be contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, a potentially deadly bacterium. Heres what you need to know about the recall.
What is the reason for the recall?
On April 16, Harvest NYC Inc. of Brooklyn, New York, announced a recall of an Enoki Mushroom product due to fears of potential contamination with Listeria monocytogenes. Two days after Harvest NYC initiated the recall, the notice was posted on the FDAs website.
According to the notice, the recall was initiated after the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets Food Laboratory detected Listeria monocytogenes in a sample of the mushrooms that had been collected for analysis.
What product is being recalled?
This recall covers only one product. Here are the details, according to the recall listing on the FDAs website:
Product Description: Enoki Mushrooms
Package Description: green plastic package
Package size: 200g package
Company Name: Harvest NYC Inc
Brand Name: Hofood99 Inc
UPC Barcode: 6975730520101
Images of the recalled product in its packaging can be found here.
Where was the recalled product sold?
According to the notice on the FDAs website, the recalled mushrooms were sold nationwide. However, the recall notice does not state which stores the mushrooms were sold in other than saying that the recalled product was sold in retail stores.
When was the recalled product sold?
The recalled product in question was sold between January 11 and January 31, 2025, according to the recall notice.
What is Listeria?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Listeria is a bacterium that can cause severe illness in people. In the United States, there are about 1,600 reported cases a year. Listeria infections have a high fatality rate, with as many as 260 of those 1,600 infected individuals succumbing to the infection.
According to the FDA notice, fatal infections can occur in individuals with weakened immune systems, as well as young children and frail or elderly people.
What are the symptoms of a Listeria infection?
Symptoms of a Listeria infection can vary depending on the type of infection and whether a person is pregnant, the CDC says.
Symptoms of an invasive Listeria illness (one where the bacteria have spread beyond the gut) in pregnant individuals can include:
Fever
Flu-like symptoms, such as muscle aches and fatigue
Listeria infections in a pregnant individual can also result in miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, or life-threatening infection of the newborn, according to the CDC.
In people who are not pregnant, invasive illness symptoms can include:
Fever
Flu-like symptoms, such as muscle aches and fatigue
Headache
Stiff neck
Confusion
Loss of balance
Seizures
For individuals who have intestinal Listeria illness, the following symptoms are usually present:
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Has anyone been harmed by the recalled product?
As of the time of the recall notices posting on the FDAs website, no illnesses were known to be reported that are associated with the recall.
What do I do if I have the recalled enoki mushrooms?
You should not consume them. Instead, the recall notice states that you should destroy the products immediately or return the products to their place of purchase for a refund.
If you have questions about the recall, you can contact Harvest NYC Inc. at (718) 596-0777.
Full details of the recall can be found here.
This article is republished with permission from Wonder Tools, a newsletter that helps you discover the most useful sites and apps. Subscribe here.
Raycast is one of my favorite free apps. Its a hidden gem that helps you do almost anything on your computeradd to your calendar, list tasks, search files, do math, or control appswithout touching your mouse. Its free for Mac and coming soon to iOS and Windows.
I use Raycast dozens of times daily for tasks that might take seconds individually, but cumulatively interrupt my flow. It saves me half an hour a week I can reallocate to deep work or family time.
Read on for seven of my favorite ways to use Raycast and some limitations and alternatives.
1. Do quick math and conversions
Convert temperatures, currencies, time zones, or measurements.
Calculate dates, like “100 days from now” or “days until Nov 7, 2028.”
Perform any math equation.
2. Find anything youve copiedeven days ago
Easily summon your full clipboard history to paste anything youve copied.
Retrieve text, links, and even images easily.
Save frequently used text as favorites.
3. Save time with text shortcuts
Create shortcodes that expand into text you frequently type:
Set up snippets for your address, signatures, or common responses.
Type custom text like \addr to instantly paste your mailing address or set @@ to automatically paste your email address.
Create snippets for links, instructions, or anything you repeatedly type.
4. Add tasks, events, and notes without switching apps
Interact with your favorite apps with keyboard shortcuts.
Add tasks to Apple Reminders, Todoist, or other apps.
Create Google Calendar events using natural language.
Control Spotify playback without switching windows.
Send quick messages in Slack.
Add notes to your favorite note-taking app, or use Raycast Notes for easy access to a digital notepad.
For example, by typing +Space (or your custom shortcut) followed by “remind” and your task text, you can add something to your to-do list without ever leaving your current application.
5. Control your computer settings
Using Raycast lets you avoid navigating through system menus.
Raycast Focus: Set timers and block distracting apps to get work done.
Adjust screen brightness.
Split your screen between two or more windows.
Lock your computer when stepping away.
Toggle system settings like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.
6. Find files, tabs, and web results instantly
Find exactly what you need in seconds, without having to dig through folders.
Locate files anywhere on your computer.
Search the web directly with Google or Perplexity.
Look up word definitions.
Find specific emails.
Search within applications.
7. Get AI help right from your keyboard (Pro)
You can add AI capabilities for $8/month
Get AI input anywhere on your computer.
Use natural language to control your system or to find GDocs, for example.
Generate images through AI extensions.
How to get started
Download and install: Visit Raycast.com and download the free application. (Mac only for now. iOS and Windows coming soon.)
Choose your launch key: This is the magic key combination that will quickly open Raycasts pop-up window, so you can use it for all of the efficiencies detailed in this post. By default, Raycast uses [Option] and [Space], but you can customize it. I use [Control] and [Space].
Add extensions: Browse the extension store and add integrations for apps you frequently use (Google Calendar, Apple Reminders, Spotify, Notion, etc.).
Set up the clipboard manager: Try copying a few different items and access them with +Shift+V or whatever key combination you choose
Create your first snippet: Add a snippet for your email signature or address with a simple shortcode like \sig.
Configure quick keys: Set up custom keyboard shortcuts for your most-used actions.
Bonus resources
Watch to learn more: 101 things you can do with Raycast
Get free Raycast extensions for your favorite apps: raycast.com/store
Sample Quicklinks you can add to Raycast: ray.so/quicklinks
Simple snippets you can add to Raycast: ray.so/snippets
Coming next
iOS app launch (AprilMay 2024): Raycasts first iPhone version will launch soon for fast access to notes, AI chat, links, and snippets. Android will follow later.
Windows version: Hundreds of people are doing alpha testing to strengthen this before launch. Snippets & AI features will arrive in the next few months.
Cross-device synchronization: Your Raycast settings and data will flow between platforms when new versions launch.
Alternatives
Alfred: Offers shortcuts like Raycast, but requires more manual customization for advanced workflows. I still sometimes use this for its clipboard manager.
TextBlaze: Has advanced features I like for text expansion.
Mac Spotlight: Built into macOS but with fewer features and integrations
Windows options include Keypirinha & Flowlauncher, or join the Raycast Windows waitlist.
Bottom line: These alternatives offer overlapping functionality, but Raycast combines their best features in one free package with a more intuitive interface.
Caveats
Platform limitations: Currently Mac-only, though Windows and mobile versions are in development.
Learning curve: Takes time to build the habit of using keyboard shortcuts instead of opening applications.
Complex advanced features. Some of the 1,000+ integrations with other apps require API keys. These special codes are like digital permission slips from applications like YouTube or ChatGPT. They require multiple steps to set up.
AI features require payment: While most features are free, AI capabilities require a $8/monthly subscription or $12/month per person for teams.
Extensions vary in quality: Some third-party extensions work better than others, so you cant always be sure how well lesser-used extensions will work.
This article is republished with permission from Wonder Tools, a newsletter that helps you discover the most useful sites and apps. Subscribe here.
The image in the tweet may have been blurry, but its message was unmistakable.
On Sunday afternoon, the official X account for the Democrats responded to news that Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth allegedly had a second Signal group chat about missile strikes in Yemen by demanding that Hegseth be removed from his role. Hegseth, who has not admitted wrongdoing, replied to the tweet with a pugilistic dispatch attacking the Dems agenda.
So far, so 2025thats when things took a turn.
Instead of disputing the specifics of Hegseths reply, whoever controls the Dems social media escalated to DEFCON 3-level shitposting. The account tweeted a bleary, double-vision image of an iPhone home screen, with the caption: Petes POV. It was clearly a nod to the many allegations of alcohol abuse that Hegseth faced on his rocky path to confirmation back in January.
Pete's POV: pic.twitter.com/xJo81xCcaP— Democrats (@TheDemocrats) April 21, 2025
It was also way spicier than the party of they-go-low-we-go-high tends to get. But this is just the latest sign that the Dems are ready to fight back against the GOPboth on and off social media.
Its about time.
Since Donald Trump resumed his presidency earlier this year, the official White House social media account has been markedly aggressive and joyfully cruel. Rather than merely echo Trumps enthusiasm for deporting undocumented immigrants, for example, the WH account on X has made a series of joking tweets about it. The account recently posted a mock-ASMR video about deporting immigrants, deportation-themed Valentines Day cards, and even a Studio Ghibli-style AI rendering of a woman sobbing after her capture by ICE.
In many ways, this account has mirrored the IDGAF antagonism of this administrations constant chaosall the DOGE firings and budget cuts, tariff recklessness, executive orders, academic shakeups, and anti-DEI initiatives that have proved so destabilizing.
The White Houses X account also adds its own special dimension to that onslaught, though, by giving Dems yet another thing they must officially comment on. While Democrats struggle to get their arms around the flurry of MAGA activity on any given day, the WH account might tweet, say, an AI image of Trump as a literal king. High-profile Democrats like Illinois Governor JB Pritzker and New York Governor Kathy Hochul then have to take time and attention away from whatever messaging they had in mind that day and respond to Trumpthereby ceding the day’s agenda to him.
This game of attention and power unfolds online 24/7, with the deck stacked in Trumps favor. For too long this year, Dems didnt seem to know how to score an advantage.
The message is the medium
Although VP candidate Tim Walzs pugnacious Theyre just weird messaging about GOP politicians last August energized young voters, the results of the 2024 presidential election seemed to scare Democrats into playing it safe.
Even as a February 2025 Harvard CAPS/Harris poll revealed that 64% of registered Dems believe their party should “oppose everything” Trump does, many Dem leaders complied instead. Perhaps convinced that the JD Vance couch memes cost them some swing voters, prominent Democrats like Governor Gavin Newsom of California kicked off the second Trump era with misguided appeals toward bipartisanship.
The tendency toward acquiescence hit a nadir in mid-March, when Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer agreed to help Trump avert a government shutdown of his own making, without getting any real concessions in return.
At that point, Dems didnt need the White House to mock Schumer onlinetheir own base did plenty of that on their own.
Fight or flight
Something has changed since then, however. Somewhere between the tens of thousands of people showing up to individual stops on Bernie Sanders and AOCs Fight Oligarchy tour and the hundreds of thousands who came out for the recent Hands Off protests, more and more elected Democrats seem to have internalized that their people want to see them fight back.
Starting with Senator Cory Bookers bladder-bruising 25-hour filibuster speech on April 1, Dems have commanded attention with bold action. The next day, Senator Richard Blumenthal held a shadow hearing to highlight Trumps slashing cuts to the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Senators Jamie Raskin and Adam Schiff then joined forces a week later for a similar event, this one about Trumps alleged abuses of the law. Newsom has since sued Trump over his spate of tariffs, while Maryland Senator Chris Van Hollen traveled to El Salvador last week to meet with a constituent who was wrongly deported to a terrorist prison.
That wrongly deported man, Kilmar Abrego Garcia, has lately become a flashpoint in Trumps presidencyespecially since first federal courts and then the Supreme Court ruled that he should be returned to the U.S.
Trumps team was likely counting on Dems to back off from the topic, to avoid being tarred as defending the rights of an alleged terrorist, no matter how flimsy the allegations. They almost certainly did not expect Garcia to become synonymous with the need for due process, inspiring no less than Joe Rogan to defend him.
Trolling with the punches
All the attention that Dems are now putting on Garcia has placed Trumps team on the backfoot.
When the White Houses X account sent out a trolling tweet about Garcia the other day, it was addressed directly to Van Hollen. Much like what the White House has done with its social media activity all year, Van Hollen forced the other side to respond. He successfully seized control of the conversation.
Now, as the Dems continue fighting back, their social media presence seems ready to take off its gloves in lockstep. Hours after the tweet nodding toward Hegseths reputation for alcohol abuse, the account trolled a White House post about Easter with a headline about egg shortages, and started a cheeky countdown for Hegseths seemingly imminent firing.
Not all negative messaging at this moment may be a net positive for Dems. House Rep Jasmine Crockett, whose inventive insults are often internet gold, was nearly censured in March for referring to Texas Governor Greg Abbott, who uses a wheelchair, as Governor Hot Wheels. Although that insult was not well received on either side of the aisle, it shows Crocketts willingness to push the envelope and test how much tolerance go-high Democrats have for go-low tactics.
The Democrats reply to Hegseth on X suggests that the party is finally loosening its strict adherence to norms, in an era when their opponents are veering ever further from normalcy.
Its a sign that Democrats in 2025 may just be ready to fight fire with firerather than pointing at the flames and declaring them too hot.
From the first time I saw Blade Runner and heard Rutger Hauers Roy Batty describe C-beams glittering in the dark near the Tannhäuser Gate, Ive wondered what it would be like to see beyond the limits of human vision. What would it feel like to have eyes that could see what we can’t normally see? I envied animals who can see light frequencies in the infrared and superheroes with X-ray vision that let them see like a NASA telescope. And today, I envy five regular human beings who, after having their eye cones temporarily rewired with a laser, were able to perceive a new color outside the typical range of the human eye.
They called this color oloa name derived from the binary code 010, representing the cones in the eye that are activated during its perception thanks to that rewiring. It defies any comparison to anything humans have seen because, well, nobody has seen it except these five lucky individuals. As described in new research published in the scientific journal Science Advances, the subjects of this wild experiment agreed to describe it as a blue-green of unprecedented saturation.
How our eyes work
Most humans see the world through three types of light-sensitive cells in the retina, called cones. These detect red, green, and blue light, allowing us to distinguish roughly one million to 10 million colors. Thats enough to spot the difference between a ripe strawberry and a bruised one, or to admire a sunsets gradient. But a rare fewalmost always womenare born with a fourth cone type. These tetrachromats can see up to 100 million colors, spotting nuances invisible to the rest of us. For example, where a trichromat sees a single shade of green grass, a tetrachromat might perceive dozens of subtle variations. Yet even among those with the genetic mutation, true tetrachromacy is rare. The brain must adapt to process this extra input, and most screens cant display these additional hues.
The people in the experiment didnt gain the ability to see millions of new colors. Instead, they glimpsed one artificial hue, like a single note added to a familiar song. The effect lasted only as long as the lasers fired, requiring subjects to stare unblinkingly at a fixed point. A twitch or glance away shattered the illusion.
Researchers were able to bypass biology limitations using a system called Oza nod to the emerald goggles in The Wizard of Oz. First, they mapped individual cones in participants retinas using high-resolution scans, labeling each as red, green, or blue. Then, they fired precise laser pulses100,000 times per secondat specific green-sensitive cones, while tracking minuscule eye movements 960 times per second to keep the aim steady. Normally, activating green cones also triggers neighboring red or blue ones, muddling the signal. But Ozs precision isolated the green cones, sending the brain a code it had never decoded before. The result was olo.
What Olo means for humans
The implications stretch far beyond novelty. By selectively activating or disabling cones, researchers could simulate eye diseases, such as macular degeneration, and test therapies in real time. For color-blind individuals, Oz might trick the brain into perceiving missing colors by rerouting signals from surviving cones. James Fong, a UC Berkeley researcher who was one of the first coauthors in the study, told LiveScience that it could even probe whether humans can learn to interpret entirely synthetic colors: It may be possible for someone to adapt to a new dimension of color.
Right now, however, Oz remains a lab curiosity. The system relies on million-dollar lasers, supercomputers, and participants willing to sit motionless for hours. The experiments targeted only peripheral visiona speck the size of a fingernail at arms lengthbecause the retinas central zone, where vision is sharpest, has cones too tightly packed for current lasers to hit accurately. Scaling this to full sight would require mapping millions of cells and tracking eye movements with zero lag, which is a target quite far from what our current technology can achieve.
Our method depends on specialized lasers and optics that arent coming to smartphones anytime soon, Fong told LiveScience. For now, olo exists only in flashesa fleeting crack in the door to a stranger universe.
The fate of Googles vast empire is now in the hands of a federal judge in Washington, D.C., as hearings begin to determine whether the tech giant should be broken up for maintaining an illegal monopoly in search.
If the court rules against Google, the outcome could send shockwaves through the tech industry. The company might be forced to divest major assetspotentially including its Chrome browser or even the Android operating system. While the government has taken similar antitrust actions in the past, it’s been more than 25 years since a household name faced a breakup of this scale.
So, what happened to the companies that were split upor nearly split upunder government pressure? Lets take a look back.
Microsoft
In 2000, Microsoft came dangerously close to being forced to separate its Windows operating system from its Office suite after a court found it had illegally stifled competition in the personal computer market. However, the breakup order was overturned by an appeals court the following year.
Still, the monopoly ruling left a lasting mark on Microsoft. The company could no longer block PC makers from distributing software from competitors, paving the way for Google and others to grow. As web browsers became increasingly central to the computing experience, that shift proved critical.
AT&T
The government made multiple attempts to break up AT&T, starting in 1913, but didnt succeed until 1984. The result was the dissolution of Ma Bell into several smaller regional companiesknown as the Baby Bellsincluding US West, Ameritech, Nynex, and BellSouth, which handled local calling. AT&T retained control of its long-distance network but soon faced competition, driving prices down. To put it in perspective: A three-minute coast-to-coast call in 1987 cost $3.08 (about $8.45 today). Now, long-distance calls are typically unlimited and included in your monthly plan.
Those Baby Bells grew up and became a strong competitor for AT&T, too: Nynex, GTE, and Bell Atlantic merged to become Verizon, whose market cap is now roughly equal to that of AT&T.
Standard Oil
The John Rockefeller energy company was broken up in 1911, one of the first dissolutions of a giant monopoly. It was split into 34 different companies, including Exxon Mobile, Chevron, and BP.
That breakup changed the oil industry, sparking competition that has continued through today. It also changed the landscape for antitrust, introducing the “rule of reason,” which says businesses are anticompetitive only if they work against the public interest. That’s the rule judges are considering today as they weigh whether to break up Big Tech companies.
IBM
IBM could have been an early cautionary tale for todays Big Tech giants. In 1969, facing a looming antitrust suit, the company chose to preemptively unbundle its hardware and software businesseseffectively treating them as separate entities. At the time, IBM commanded 70% of the computer market.
This voluntary separation helped the company avoid an antitrust judgment, though it still spent years in court and tens of millions of dollars in legal battles. Missteps with subsequent product launches further eroded its market share and leadership. But the rise in competition ultimately lowered costs and helped spark the personal computer revolution. As legal scholar Tim Wu noted in 2018, Apple as we know it might never have existed without the governments prosecution of IBM.
“If IBM had been completely unwatched by regulators, by enforcement, doing whatever they wanted, I think IBM would have held on and maybe wed still be using mainframes, or somethinga very different situation,” he said in an interview with Vox.
American Tobacco
Before Big Tobacco became a catchphrase, there was American Tobaccoa company deemed so dominant that in 1911 it was found in violation of antitrust laws.
Unlike other breakups, however, the dissolution of American Tobacco had little real impact on market dynamics. The newly formed companiessuch as R.J. Reynolds and Liggett & Myerscontinued to dominate, forming an oligopoly. With just a few players controlling the industry, prices remained largely unaffected by competition. Instead, increased marketing budgets drove a rise in consumer use.
Last week, news broke that the Trump administration intends to propose zeroing out Head Start in the upcoming budget. While many peoples immediate concern is rightfully for the hundreds of thousands of children and families whose lives would be upended, attacks on programs that exclusively serve low-income Americans are a popular tactic because that population votes at low rates. In this case, however, the administration has picked an atrocious target: Even setting the immorality of causing so much harm aside, you benefit from Head Start programs whether or not you or anyone you know has ever stepped foot in one.
Head Start (and Early Head Start, its companion program for children younger than 3) has enjoyed bipartisan support for almost 60 years and serves multiple functions: Sites provide important opportunities for child development, offer medical screenings for kids, connect families with local resources, and can serve as community hubs. They are also a critical source of free childcare for more than 700,000 families.
Who are the 700,000 Head Start families?
Who are Head Start families? They consist of many of the people we called essential just five years ago: grocery store stockers, home healthcare aides, hospital custodians, even staff in the childcare programs that serve middle- and high-income families. They are rural families; in many rural counties, Head Start is literally the only childcare program around. They are military families; there is even an on-base Head Start at Fort Carson in Colorado Springs. They are agricultural workers who pick the produce that appears in your supermarket; in fact, more than 26,000 children of seasonal farm workers attend a Head Start.
Imagine for a moment that Congress goes along with the administrations proposal. All of these families lives will be thrown into chaos. As anyone who has a child can tell you, theres no abundance of alternative affordable childcare options out there. Instead, people will do what they need to do, sacrificing their well-being along the way: Theyll cut back hours, work laddered shifts, find care of questionable quality that leaves them anxious and distracted. They may even drop out of the labor force altogether.
Crippling system already in crisis
Indeed, it may be helpful to reframe the headline here as Trump administration seeks to shutter more than 3,000 childcare programs, and then to consider just how absurd such an action would be. After all, the childcare shortage in the U.S. is already harming the stability of family life and the economy. President Donald Trump himself declared in 2019, In more than 60% of American homes, both parents work. Yet many struggle to afford childcare, which often costs more than $10,000 per year. And it’s devastating to families, frankly.
Fewer choices and longer waits
Whats more, the 700,000 families who will lose their childcare if Head Start goes away will not simply disappear. Instead, they will be thrust into the failed market for private childcare services, introducing yet more competition for scarce slots and scarce aid dollars. All Head Start families qualify for, but generally do not utilize, childcare subsidies available through a federal block grant program intended to serve both low- and moderate-income families (i.e., those making up to 85% of state median incomearound $82,000 for a state like Michiganor below, though states can and do set their limits lower). That subsidy program is already so underfunded it can reach only one in six eligible households. Take away Head Start, and existing waitlists and enrollment freezes will only get worse.
The administrations ostensible logic for squashing Head Start requires entirely eliding the childcare role Head Start plays. The budget document states, This elimination is consistent with the Administrations goal of returning education to the States and increasing parental choice. The Federal government should not be in the business of mandating curriculum, locations, and performance standards for any form of education. Ignoring for a moment the glaring factual inaccuracies (Head Start merely requires sites to adopt some form of reasonable curriculum, not a specific one, and local agencies or groups apply to get funding for locations where they wish to host Head Start classrooms), this is a feint.
There is no commensurate increase of early care and education grants to states being proposed to offset Head Start elimination, so parents will simply have fewer choices. In this respect, the educational content of Head Start is immaterial, and getting drawn into a debate over Head Starts effectiveness is a distraction. Hypothetically, the administration could apply this exact same reasoning to shutting down the hundreds of schools and child development centers that are run by the Department of Defense, all of which come with curricula and performance standards. But of course they wont propose that, because while some military families are struggling due to administration policies, such a large-scale cut would leave tens of thousands of service members with no access to care.
Head Start is not a perfect program. There is a worthwhile conversation to be had about how Head Start may need to evolve if and when the nation moves toward a more comprehensive family policy that includes universal childcare and early learning alongside structural reforms that break down barriers keeping families in poverty. But this is not, in the end, really about Head Start itself. If America is to be strong and prosperous in an uncertain era, the well-being of American families must be placed front and center. There is no American familyand therefore no American businessthat would be untouched by the ripple effects of abruptly gutting Head Start, and doing so would set the country on course for a future marked by yet more scarcity. The administration must turn back.
Electric vehicles have seen a lot of success in recent years, but there are still some concernsfrom range anxiety to insufficient charging infrastructurethat limit their overall adoption. Hybrids dont have those same worries, and hybrid sales have been gaining momentum as the growth of EV sales has slowed. Thats caused some carmakers to pull back on EV offerings and prioritize hybrids instead.
But now a company called Horse Powertrain is offering an alternative to carmakers who are hesitant to go fully electric while still allowing them to develop EVsand keep their EV production lines. Called the Future Hybrid Concept, its essentially a way for automakers to retrofit a battery electric vehicle into a plug-in hybrid. That means automakers could have one production line that makes a variety of powertrains, both developing EVs and also offering hybrid versions.
[Photo: Horse Powertrain]
Horse Powertrain is a joint venture by French auto manufacturer Renault and Chinese conglomerate Geely (Geely subsidiaries include Volvo and Polestar) created to develop low-emission hybrid and combustion systems. Horse Powertrain is unveiling its Future Hybrid Concept at the Shanghai auto show this week.
The Future Hybrid Concept is one compact unit that includes an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, and a transmission. This allows automakers to hybridize their existing battery electric vehicles, the company says, to meet fluctuating customer demands while also “eliminating the need for multiple platforms and production lines.
The Future Hybrid Concept can bolt directly onto an EVs subframe with minor modifications, per Horse. This means that carmakers could manufacture both EVs and hybrids on one assembly line, reducing complexity. Currently, hybrids are often assembled on the same production lines as internal combustion vehicles, and EVs on another, because of the distinct components they need.
Some manufacturers have found ways around this: Honda, for instance, upgraded its Ohio factories so that gas vehicles, hybrids, and EVs can be manufactured on the same lines. But for other automakers that have yet to make those upgrades, or that have prioritized EV innovation but now want to diversify their offerings, Horse Powertrain says its retrofit concept can fit into existing operations. It would also eliminate most of the tooling and unique assembly steps hybrids need, the company says, so that manufacturing lines can be simplified.
Through our innovation, we can deliver a full hybrid powertrain system that seamlessly integrates onto a battery electric vehicle platform, Matias Giannini, CEO at Horse Powertrain, said in a statement.
The Future Hybrid Concept system includes an onboard charger, and could work with a variety of fuels, including gas, ethanol, methanol, and other synthetic fuels. The first vehicles using Horse Powertrains Future Hybrid Concept are expected to be on the road as early as 2028. Horse Powertrain already has 17 production plants and five R&D centers across Europe, Asia, and South America, and expects to produce 5 million powertrain engines annually.
Ive always been a doer. I move fast, I love learning new things, and I dont sit still for long. Productivity has been a faithful companion throughout my career, and I attribute much of my success to one key trait: the courage to take actioneven when things seem uncertain or complex.
I trace this mentality back to a moment in my childhood. I was about 11 years old, growing up in the Netherlands, where a bicycle isnt just a toyits your main mode of transportation. One day, I had my first flat tire and it was raining (as it always is). I felt defeated and immobile. No bike meant no freedom, no way to get from A to B.
I walked home, and my dad, calm as ever, looked at me and said, No problem, lets fix it. Fix it? This was 1984. There was no YouTube tutorial. No step-by-step guide. Just a deflated tire, some tools, and a kid who had no idea what he was doing.
We sat together with a bucket of water to find the hole, sandpaper, and glue to patch it, and metal tools to remove and reinsert the tire. Step by step, we repaired it. He didnt do it for mewe did it together.
That day changed my mindset. I realized that if I can fix this, I can fix anything. From that moment on, Ive believed that most problems are solvable, most obstacles are temporary, and most fears are exaggerated.
How I honed my growth mindset
That mindset was tested often. I wasnt the strongest student. I worked hard at a demanding public high school, but the grades didnt come easy. Worse, many of my teachers seemed to doubt meor at least, didnt hide it well.
Except for one: Mr. Bosman, my physical education teacher. He had an infectious energy and a simple motto. Every time he introduced a new exercise, hed explain, demonstrate, wait for confirmation, and then shout a single wordhis command, his mantra: Do! (but in Dutch of course)
That word stuck with me. It was the only positive affirmation I got from a teacher in those years, and it became my philosophy. When in doubt? Do. When overwhelmed? Do. When uncertain? Still . . . do. Dont sit still, action over inaction wins always.
Fast-forward to my corporate career at The Baan Corporation (a software company that is now part of Infor Global Solutions), I remember meeting Jan Baanthe companys visionary founder. I was just 25, eager, and still finding my professional rhythm. I asked him how he managed to get so much doneand so well.
He told me, Michel, I try to make 20 decisions in a day and still leave time to correct two of them. Thats better than making two perfect decisions and missing out on the other 18. Thats when it clicked for me. Perfection is slow and paralyzing. If I want to move forward, I need to take action while being willing to learn and correct my mistakes in the process.
Why action-oriented leaders win
In my work as an executive coach, I meet many bright, capable, ambitious leaders who still hold onto the opposite mindset. They’re carrying around the weight of things people said to them years ago. Whether thats Im not ready, Im not qualified enough, or Someone else can do it better.
But most of the messages have little merit, and I encourage people to focus on taking action instead.
A recent study published in Current Psychology found that leaders who rely on internal trait-based resourceslike resilience, self-discipline, and adaptabilityare better equipped to manage stress and perform well in complex, high-stakes environments. Its important to note that those qualities arent built by sitting still. Leaders need to sharpen them through movement, iteration, and learning by doing.
Another study in the International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal showed that self-leadership and mindfulness training measurably improve a leaders confidence and decision-making. Its not perfection that builds capabilityits repetition, awareness, and the courage to act even when clarity is incomplete.
This mindset also aligns with modern neuroscience. The brain rewards progresseven small winswith dopamine, which motivates us to keep going.
Final thought: action drives culture
When leaders adopt a bias for action, they dont just transform themselvesthey create a ripple effect. They inspire teams to take initiative. They build cultures where progress trumps perfection, where learning is constant, and where speed is a strategic advantage.
Momentum, after all, is contagious. Decisive leadership removes bottlenecks, boosts morale, and accelerates performance. But hesitation at the top leads to confusion, disengagement, and organizational drag. And once you lose momentum, its hard to rebuild.
Action creates clarity. Action builds confidence. Action fuels momentum. So dont wait for perfection or permission. Just start doing.
