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If your sofa was made between 1970 and 2014, its foam is likely loaded with flame retardantschemicals that can escape into dust and end up in the air you breathe. A new study led by the California Department of Public Health shows the payoff of swapping it out: people who replaced their old, chemical-filled sofas or chairs with new, flame-retardant-free models saw levels of one common chemical, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), drop by half in just over a year. The chemicals became ubiquitous in upholstered furniture thanks to older regulations in California. The state’s large market meant that flame retardants were used in furniture nationwide. The tobacco industry originally lobbied for the rules in the 1960s, when smoking was a common cause of fires and the industry didnt want to make self-extinguishing cigarettes. But flame retardants didn’t prevent fires effectively. Instead, they were linked to cancer risk, hormone disruption, and reduced IQ levels in children. By the early 2000s, manufacturers began phasing out one type of flame retardant, and by 2014, California finally revised its flammability rules so that companies could sell furniture without flame retardants. In the early 2000s, there was a lot of accumulating evidence of the health effects associated with these chemicals, particularly for neurological development for children,” says Robin Dodson, a research scientist at the Silent Spring Institute and one of the authors of the study. “So the industry kind of saw the writing on the wall and opted for a phase out of BDE flame retardants in upholstered furniture.” Initially, manufacturers switched to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs). But after California updated its rules, some phased out flame retardants completely, so it became possible to buy furniture without them. In a previous study, the researchers found a significant reduction in PBDE chemicals in dust after furniture was replaced in a house. The new study is the first to look at what happens biologically. The chemicals dont go away immediatelyPBDEs have half lives in the body ranging from 1.8 to 6.5 years. But when large furniture like a sofa is replaced, they quickly drop. (There was less change in OPFRs, which have a shorter half-life in the body and which are still present in other products, from cars to electronics.) The scientists also studied a companion group of people who didnt replace furniture. They also saw a drop in PBDEs in their blood and urine, thanks to the fact that more products are being made without the chemicals. But levels dropped two to four times more slowly than in those who got new furniture. That doesnt mean you need to immediately buy a new couch if your budget is tight. (There’s also currently no safe, environmentally friendly way to dispose of old flame-retardant-filled furniture.) Our number-one tip right now today for flame retardants is to actually keep dust levels low inside of your house, says Dodson. That means, for example, vacuuming with a HEPA filter that can capture dust. Washing hands before making food or eating also makes a significant difference, especially for children. But when you do get new furniture, Dodson says, look for items that are specifically made without the chemicals. We’ve been generally telling people, don’t run and throw out your couch, she says. But when choosing new furniture, choose without flame retardants.
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E-Commerce
From return-to-office mandates, anxiety about AI taking (or reshaping) jobs, and a highly competitive atmosphere for recent graduates and other job seekers, 2025 has been a year of change. Its also been a big year of change for women in the workplace, with a record number exiting the workforce. And, according to a new report, women are now also less inclined to seek promotions. LeanIn.Org and McKinsey & Co. just released their 2025 Women in the Workplace report based on a survey of 124 organizations employing around 3 million people. The survey research found that while companies overwhelmingly say that diversity (67%) and inclusion (84%) are top priorities, just over half (54%) of companies say the same about women’s career advancement. For women of color, only 46% of companies value advancement. And while employers broadly say they value diversity, equity, and inclusion, one in six have reduced DEI budgets. The survey also revealed another worrisome trend. Across categories, women say they want to be promoted at lower rates than men. Only 69% of entry-level women want a promotion compared with 80% of entry-level men. Likewise, 84% of senior-level women want to be promoted, while 92% of senior-level men do. And overall, 80% of women overall say they want to be promoted to the next level, compared to 86% of men. Interestingly, it doesn’t start out that way. Young women are extremely ambitious. In fact, women under 30 are more interested in being promoted than young men, but after 40, only 52% of entry-level women want to advance, while 71% of men still do. According to the report, the statistic seems tied to how much support men and women are receiving, which is far from equal. Only 31% of entry-level women have had a sponsor compared to 45% of men, which the report says can nearly double promotion rates. Likewise, “when entry- and senior-level women and men have sponsors and receive similar levels of support from managers and more senior colleagues, they are equally enthusiastic about getting promoted to the next level,” the report explains. But there’s another undeniable obstacle that women seem to disproportionately face, which is likely to impact their desire to be promoted: families. Almost 25% of both entry and senior level women who are not interested in promotions say it’s due to their personal obligations which would make more responsibility at work too challenging. However just 15% of men said the same. Unfortunately, for women, findings follow a bounty of previous research that women still do more housework and child-rearing than men. Per the McKinsey report, “In 2024, women with partners were more than three times as likely as men with partners to be responsible for all or most housework.” Therefore, it’s not all that surprising that women who are disproportionately weighed down at home may not be as hungry for even more obligations on the job, too.
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E-Commerce
The U.S. workforce is facing a pivotal challenge: A widening skills gap that threatens economic growth and innovation. While demographic trendslike declining birth rates and a shrinking pipeline of young workersare real, the more actionable issue is the growing mismatch between the skills employers need and those available in the labor market. According to Pearsons recent Lost in Transition research, nearly 90% of U.S. employers report difficulty finding candidates with the right skills, and more than half of workers feel unprepared for the demands of the future workplace. This problem is decades in the making, and its consequences will be global. Without action, this gap threatens economic stability, public health systems, and critical infrastructure. Projections indicate the U.S. could face skills shortages in 171 occupations by 2032. But instead of focusing on the inevitability of demographic change, we should zero in on the skills gapa challenge we can address through education, collaboration, and the smart use of technology. The skills gap is not just a statistic; its a call to action for educators, employers, and policymakers to rethink how we prepare people for work. AI AS A CATALYST FOR WORKFORCE READINESS Artificial intelligence, when thoughtfully designed and applied, is already helping to close the skills gap. When used as a tool for guided learning rather than a shortcut, AI can help bridge the skills gap and equip the workforce to succeed where human touch is required. AI-powered learning tools in educational environments are already accelerating pathways into critical professions by enabling learners to demonstrate measurable improvements in critical thinking and adaptability, as well as build durable skills that employers need most and are essential for thriving in a rapidly changing economy. Employers, too, are leveraging AI to upskill their current workforce, using adaptive platforms to identify and close skills gaps faster than traditional training methods allow. This approach is not about replacing people with technology, but about empowering workers to learn, adapt, and grow alongside digital tools. THE NEW COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: LEARNING HOW TO LEARN The ability to learn how to learn is now a core competency for career success. As the shelf life of technical skills shortens, the most valuable workers will be those who can continuously acquire new knowledge and adapt to new roles. AI can support this by personalizing learning experiences, promoting metacognition, and helping people build the confidence to navigate transitions throughout their careers. Were already seeing data showing that AI can promote the real learning and adaptability skills that are needed in the workforce. High school and college students are improving their academic performance and demonstrating critical thinking skill through the use of science-backed AI tools that align with Blooms Taxonomy of Learning framework. AI in education is doing more than raising test scores; it’s teaching students how to learn, adapt, and thrive in an economy where continuous upskilling is the norm. Closing the skills gap will require collaboration across education, business, and government. We need to align AI literacy standards, invest in educator training, and ensure responsible use of technology that prioritizes data privacy, bias mitigation, transparency, and measurable learning outcomes. By focusing on the skills gapand leveraging the best of AI and learning sciencewe can build a workforce that is not only prepared for the future but empowered to shape it. Tom ap Simon is the President of Pearson Higher Education and Virtual Learning
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E-Commerce
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